Functional Fixedness in Creative Thinking Tasks Depends on Stimulus Modality
Functional Fixedness in Creative Thinking Tasks Depends on Stimulus Modality
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DOI：
10.1037/aca0000050
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Thompson-Schill, Sharon L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chrysikou, Evangelia G.;Motyka, Katharine;Thompson-Schill, Sharon L.
在创造性思维任务中的图片例子可以导致参与者专注于这些例子，并复制它们的元素，即使在产生次优的创造性产品时。语义记忆的研究可能会阐明这种效应背后的认知过程。在这里，我们研究了图片和文字是否差异影响访问对象概念的语义知识，这取决于任务是否是封闭式或开放式的。参与者查看日常物品的名称或图片，或两者的组合，并为它们生成常见的，次要的或临时的用途。刺激方式的影响进行了评估，定量通过反应时间和定性通过一种新的编码系统，分类创造性的输出上的连续自上而下驱动的自下而上驱动的反应。两项分析都显示了任务之间的差异。重要的是，对于临时用途，接触图片的参与者比接触物体名称的参与者产生更多的自上而下驱动的反应。这些发现对创造性思维中的功能固定性的解释以及对象概念的语义记忆理论都有影响。
Pictorial examples during creative thinking tasks can lead participants to fixate on these examples and reproduce their elements even when yielding suboptimal creative products. Semantic memory research may illuminate the cognitive processes underlying this effect. Here, we examined whether pictures and words differentially influence access to semantic knowledge for object concepts depending on whether the task is close- or open-ended. Participants viewed either names or pictures of everyday objects, or a combination of the 2, and generated common, secondary, or ad hoc uses for them. Stimulus modality effects were assessed quantitatively through reaction times and qualitatively through a novel coding system that classifies creative output on a continuum from top-down-driven to bottom-up-driven responses. Both analyses revealed differences across tasks. Importantly, for ad hoc uses, participants exposed to pictures generated more top-down-driven responses than did those exposed to object names. These findings have implications for accounts of functional fixedness in creative thinking, as well as theories of semantic memory for object concepts.