Distribution, quantification and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette refill fluids and aerosols
Distribution, quantification and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette refill fluids and aerosols
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DOI：
10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053224
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Talbot, Prue
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Behar, Rachel Z.;Luo, Wentai;Talbot, Prue
目的评价电子烟（e-cigarette）填充液和气溶胶中肉桂醛的分布、浓度和毒性。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC/MS）法测定39份电子烟填充液和6份重复样品中肉桂醛的分布和浓度。肉桂醛毒性档案建立胚胎和成人细胞使用活细胞成像分析，免疫细胞化学，彗星试验和恢复assay.Results 20的39个再填充液中含有肉桂醛的浓度是细胞毒性的人胚胎和肺细胞在MTT法。在雾化器式电子烟中产生的肉桂锡兰气溶胶具有细胞毒性。使用tank/boxmod电子烟制成的肉桂锡兰气溶胶和再填充流体气溶胶（80%丙二醇或肉桂醛/丙二醇）在5V下比3V下更具细胞毒性。使用GC/MS，在5V下产生的气溶胶含有在3V下产生的气溶胶中不存在的10个额外峰。其中之一，2，3-丁二酮（双乙酰），用真实标准品进行了确认。人肺成纤维细胞中桂皮醛解聚微管。在MTT试验中不产生影响的浓度下，肉桂醛降低了生长、附着和扩散;改变了细胞形态和运动性;增加了DNA链断裂;并增加了细胞死亡。在MTT IC 50浓度下，肉桂醛处理2 h后，肺细胞不能恢复，而胚胎细胞在8h后恢复。结论含肉桂醛的补充液和气雾剂具有细胞毒性和遗传毒性，低浓度肉桂醛对细胞的生长和存活有不良影响。这些数据表明，电子烟再填充液/气溶胶中的肉桂醛可能会损害呼吸系统的体内平衡。
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution, concentration and toxicity of cinnamaldehyde in electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) refill fluids and aerosols.Methods The distribution and concentration of cinnamaldehyde were determined in 39 e-cigarette refill fluids plus 6 duplicates using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A cinnamaldehyde toxicity profile was established for embryonic and adult cells using a live cell imaging assay, immunocytochemistry, the comet assay and a recovery assay.Results Twenty of the 39 refill fluids contained cinnamaldehyde at concentrations that are cytotoxic to human embryonic and lung cells in the MTT assay. Cinnamon Ceylon aerosol produced in a cartomizer-style e-cigarette was cytotoxic. Cinnamon Ceylon aerosols and refill fluid aerosols (80% propylene glycol or cinnamaldehyde/propylene glycol) made using a tank/boxmod e-cigarette were more cytotoxic at 5V than 3V. Using GC/MS, aerosols produced at 5V contained 10 additional peaks not present in aerosol generated at 3V. One of these, 2,3-butandione (diacetyl), was confirmed with an authentic standard. Cinnamaldehyde depolymerised microtubules in human pulmonary fibroblasts. At concentrations that produced no effect in the MTT assay, cinnamaldehyde decreased growth, attachment and spreading; altered cell morphology and motility; increased DNA strand breaks; and increased cell death. At the MTT IC50 concentration, lung cells were unable to recover from cinnamaldehyde after 2hours of treatment, whereas embryonic cells recovered after 8hours.Conclusions Cinnamaldehyde-containing refill fluids and aerosols are cytotoxic, genotoxic and low concentrations adversely affect cell processes and survival. These data indicate that cinnamaldehyde in e-cigarette refill fluids/aerosols may impair homeostasis in the respiratory system.