Toxic but drank: gustatory aversive compounds induce post-ingestional malaise in harnessed honeybees.
Toxic but drank: gustatory aversive compounds induce post-ingestional malaise in harnessed honeybees.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0015000
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发表时间：
2010-10-27
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Brito Sanchez MG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ayestaran A;Giurfa M;de Brito Sanchez MG
植物产生的威慑物质由于其潜在的毒性而具有相关性。这些物质中的大多数对人类和其他哺乳动物来说都有令人不快的味道，这与蜜蜂在花蜜中存在的这些化合物的浓度范围内不排斥它们的事实形成了鲜明对比。在这里，我们问蜜蜂是否检测和摄取威慑物质，以及这些物质是否真的对它们有毒。我们发现，当气味与蔗糖配对时，厌恶物质与气味配对会延缓对这种气味的学习。在实验室中，被驯化的蜜蜂不情愿地摄入相当数量(20微米L)的各种厌恶物质，即使其中一些物质会导致显著的摄取后死亡。因此，这些物质似乎并不是被驯服的蜜蜂所不喜欢的，而是会导致一种类似疾病的状态，在某些情况下会导致死亡。与这一发现一致的是，蜜蜂得知一种气味与糖有关，并在随后的阶段体验到糖与20微克L的厌恶物质(贬值阶段)配对，蜜蜂对气味和糖的反应低于对照蜜蜂。这种刺激性贬值可以用厌恶物质引起的萎靡不振的状态来解释。我们的结果表明，对人类来说味道苦涩的物质以及浓盐水溶液，其厌恶效果是基于它们摄入后在被驯服的蜜蜂身上产生的生理后果，而不是基于令人不快的味道。这一结论只适用于实验室中被驯化的蜜蜂，因为自由活动的蜜蜂可能会对厌恶的化合物做出不同的反应，可能会主动拒绝厌恶的物质。我们的结果为研究基于摄食后不适的条件性味觉厌恶开辟了新的可能性，从而拓宽了蜜蜂可用的厌恶学习协议的频谱。
Deterrent substances produced by plants are relevant due to their potential toxicity. The fact that most of these substances have an unpalatable taste for humans and other mammals contrasts with the fact that honeybees do not reject them in the range of concentrations in which these compounds are present in flower nectars. Here we asked whether honeybees detect and ingest deterrent substances and whether these substances are really toxic to them. We show that pairing aversive substances with an odor retards learning of this odor when it is subsequently paired with sucrose. Harnessed honeybees in the laboratory ingest without reluctance a considerable volume (20 µl) of various aversive substances, even if some of them induce significant post-ingestional mortality. These substances do not seem, therefore, to be unpalatable to harnessed bees but induce a malaise-like state that in some cases results in death. Consistently with this finding, bees learning that one odor is associated with sugar, and experiencing in a subsequent phase that the sugar was paired with 20 µl of an aversive substance (devaluation phase), respond less than control bees to the odor and the sugar. Such stimulus devaluation can be accounted for by the malaise-like state induced by the aversive substances. Our results indicate that substances that taste bitter to humans as well as concentrated saline solutions base their aversive effect on the physiological consequences that their ingestion generates in harnessed bees rather than on an unpalatable taste. This conclusion is only valid for harnessed bees in the laboratory as freely-moving bees might react differently to aversive compounds could actively reject aversive substances. Our results open a new possibility to study conditioned taste aversion based on post-ingestional malaise and thus broaden the spectrum of aversive learning protocols available in honeybees.
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DOI：
10.1186/cc2955
发表时间：
2004-10
期刊：
Critical care (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Bewick V;Cheek L;Ball J
通讯作者：
Ball J
影响因子：
2.2
作者：
COOPER, PD;HE, PH
通讯作者：
HE, PH
影响因子：
2
作者：
Deisig, N;Lachnit, H;Giurfa, M
通讯作者：
Giurfa, M
影响因子：
1.5
作者：
GLENDINNING, JI;SLANSKY, F
通讯作者：
SLANSKY, F
DOI：
10.1037/0097-7403.1.4.355
发表时间：
1975-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-ANIMAL BEHAVIOR PROCESSES
影响因子：
--
作者：
HOLLAND, PC;RESCORLA, RA
通讯作者：
RESCORLA, RA