Social behaviour, reproductive biology and breeding success of Alpine Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus helveticus in northern Italy
Social behaviour, reproductive biology and breeding success of Alpine Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus helveticus in northern Italy
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意大利北部高山岩雷鸟的社会行为、生殖生物学和繁殖成功
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发表时间：
2003
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
L. Wauters
中科院分区：
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作者：
G. Scherini;G. Tosi;L. Wauters
1992-97年，我们在意大利阿尔卑斯山中南部的两个高山岩雷鸟种群中监测了社会行为、巢址选择、窝卵数和存活率以及繁殖成功率（8月下旬每只成功母鸡的幼雏数）。鸡群形成和领土占用的物候相似，在北方人口，并在春季，公鸡数量超过母鸡在大多数年份。并非所有的公鸡都找到了伴侣，但所有配对的公鸡似乎都是一夫一妻制的。在孵化过程中丢失鸡蛋的母鸡很少会再次产蛋。成年母鸡（超过一岁）奠定了较大的离合器比一岁和离合器的大小是第一次比重复育雏。巢损失很高（50%），主要是由于捕食的孵化母鸡或她的鸡蛋。巢损失的概率没有显着影响巢或巢型周围的覆盖量。平均窝卵数，巢捕食率，繁殖成功率每年波动，和离合器损失较高，在孵化过程中的恶劣天气的年份，这表明随机因素（天气，捕食者）强烈影响了高山岩雷鸟的育雏生存。
We monitored social behaviour, nest site selection, clutch size and survival, and breeding success (number of fledglings per successful hen in late August) in two Alpine Rock Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus helveticus populationsin the South-central Alps, Italy, 1992-97. Phenology of flock formation and territory occupancy was similar as in northern populations, and, in spring, cocks outnumbered hens in most years. Not all cocks found a partner, but all paired cocks appeared to be monogamous. Few hens that lost their eggs during incubation laid a repeat brood. Adult hens (more than one year old) laid larger clutches than yearlings and clutch size was larger for first than for repeat broods. Nest losses were high (50%) and mainly due to predation of the incubating hen or her eggs. Probability of nest loss was not significantly affected by the amount of cover around the nest or nest type. Average clutch size, nest predation rates, and breeding success fluctuated annually, and clutch losses were higher in years with poor weather during incubation, suggesting that stochastic factors (weather, predators) strongly influenced brood survival in Alpine Rock Ptarmigan.