Race-Status Associations: Distinct Effects of Three Novel Measures Among White and Black Perceivers
Race-Status Associations: Distinct Effects of Three Novel Measures Among White and Black Perceivers
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DOI：
10.1037/pspa0000257
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发表时间：
2021-03-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Fiske, Susan T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dupree, Cydney H.;Torrez, Brittany;Fiske, Susan T.
种族充满了意义，但不平等的地位是核心。种族地位协会(RSA)将白人与地位高的美国人联系在一起，将黑人与地位低的美国人联系在一起。RSA可以通过观察种族分布的工作、感知到的与地位相关的刻板印象属性或简单的排名来发生。9个样本(N=3,933)验证了基于工作、级别和属性的白色=高状态/黑色=低状态RSA的3种新测量。首先，RSA量表具有清晰的因素结构、内部效度和重测信度。其次，这些措施与美国白人的等级制度不同--维持态度、信仰和偏好。潜在地基于观察，更自发的基于工作的RSA预测了种族间的偏见、社会主导倾向、精英主义信念以及维持招聘或政策偏好的等级制度。在控制了偏见和对现状的支持之后，偏好效应保持不变。相比之下，更刻意的基于等级和属性的RSA负面预测了维持等级制度的信念和政策偏好；种族不平等的直接推论与取消这种不平等的偏好有关。第三，黑人=低地位，而不是白人=高地位，这些关联在很大程度上推动了这些影响。最后，美国黑人也持有RSA；基于等级或属性的RSA预测，人们感觉到的歧视增加，社会优势减少，精英信念减少。尽管个人的RSA有所不同，但只有美国白人基于工作的分层协会有助于维持种族地位等级。以理论为指导的种族地位关联证据引入了强大的新评估工具。
Race is fraught with meaning, but unequal status is central. Race-status associations (RSAs) link White Americans with high status and Black Americans with low status. RSAs could occur via observation of racially distributed jobs, perceived status-related stereotypic attributes, or simple ranking. Nine samples (N = 3,933) validate 3 novel measures of White = high status/Black = low status RSAs-based on jobs, rank, and attributes. First, RSA measures showed clear factor structure, internal validity, and test-retest reliability. Second, these measures differentially corresponded to White Americans' hierarchy-maintaining attitudes, beliefs, and preferences. Potentially based on observation, the more spontaneous Job-based RSAs predicted interracial bias, social dominance orientation, meritocracy beliefs, and hierarchy-maintaining hiring or policy preferences. Preference effects held after controlling for bias and support for the status quo. In contrast, the more deliberate Rank- and Attribute-based RSAs negatively predicted hierarchy-maintaining beliefs and policy preferences; direct inferences of racial inequality linked to preferences for undoing it. Third, Black = low status, rather than White = high status, associations largely drove these effects. Finally, Black Americans also held RSAs; Rank- or Attribute-based RSAs predicted increased perceived discrimination, reduced social dominance, and reduced meritocracy beliefs. Although individuals' RSAs vary, only White Americans' Job-based stratifying associations help maintain racial status hierarchies. Theory-guided evidence of race-status associations introduces powerful new assessment tools.