Population Attributable and Preventable Fractions: Cancer Risk Factor Surveillance, and Cancer Policy Projection.
Population Attributable and Preventable Fractions: Cancer Risk Factor Surveillance, and Cancer Policy Projection.
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DOI：
10.1007/s40471-016-0085-5
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发表时间：
2016-09-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Soerjomataram, Isabelle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shield, Kevin D;Parkin, D Maxwell;Soerjomataram, Isabelle
新的癌症病例和因接触风险因素而死亡的比例以及可以预防的比例是公共卫生政策和规划的关键统计数据。本文总结了由吸烟、饮食因素、高体脂、缺乏运动、饮酒、传染性病原体、职业暴露、空气污染、阳光照射和母乳喂养不足等主要风险因素引起的癌症的人群归因和可预防分数的估计方法、分析挑战和效用。对于人群可归因和可预防部分，风险因素与癌症之间因果关系的证据，结果（如发病率和死亡率），暴露分布，相对风险，理论最小风险和反事实情景需要明确定义和一致。尽管用于估计的方法和数据存在局限性，但人口归因和可预防分数是公共卫生政策和规划的有用工具。
The proportions of new cancer cases and deaths that are caused by exposure to risk factors and that could be prevented are key statistics for public health policy and planning. This paper summarizes the methodologies for estimating, challenges in the analysis of, and utility of, population attributable and preventable fractions for cancers caused by major risk factors such as tobacco smoking, dietary factors, high body fat, physical inactivity, alcohol consumption, infectious agents, occupational exposure, air pollution, sun exposure, and insufficient breastfeeding. For population attributable and preventable fractions, evidence of a causal relationship between a risk factor and cancer, outcome (such as incidence and mortality), exposure distribution, relative risk, theoretical-minimum-risk, and counterfactual scenarios need to be clearly defined and congruent. Despite limitations of the methodology and the data used for estimations, the population attributable and preventable fractions are a useful tool for public health policy and planning.