Narrative and Identities
Narrative and Identities
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叙事与身份
DOI：
10.1002/9781118458204.ch18
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Anna De Fina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Anna De Fina
在这一章中，我们将讨论叙事和身份之间存在的多重关系，两者之间的联系是如何在不同的范式中概念化的，以及这一领域的研究提出了哪些问题。特别是，我们将考察传记，社会语言学和对话分析关于身份的工作，并探索它们之间的相似和不同之处，借助于关键概念，如定位，分类，自我呈现和指标性。我们的总体目标是记录和评估这一领域的转变，从主要以个体自我及其在语言中的表达为中心的心理学身份概念，到最近的观点，即身份被视为牢固地植根于互动的过程。每一位分析者在试图研究叙事与身份之间的相互作用时都会面临的第一个问题是身份本身的定义的困难。虽然后者已成为语言学中最重要的概念之一，但令人惊讶的是，很难找到对它们的准确定义和基本共识。这是因为对同一性的描述会因启发研究者的基本理论假设而有所不同。无论如何，术语的定义和选择反映了关于身份的辩论在一般社会科学中所围绕的根本对立。身份可以被视为和定义为个人的一种财产或通过社会互动而出现的东西；它可以被视为驻留在头脑中或具体的社会行为中；或者它可以固定在个人或群体中。此外，同一性可以被认为是独立于它所表现的具体语境而存在的，或者完全由它们决定的。最后，它可以被视为实质上是个人的或关系的。这些不同的观点对研究语言同一性的方法产生了深远的影响。
Introduction In this chapter, we will discuss the multiple relationships that exist between narrative and identities, how links between the two have been conceptualized within different paradigms and what questions are raised by research in this field. In particular, we will look at biographical, sociolinguistic and conversation-analytic work on identity and explore similarities and differences amongst them, with the help of key concepts such as positioning, categorization, self-presentation and indexicality. Our general aim is to document and evaluate a shift in the field from psychologically based conceptions of identity largely centered on the individual self and its expressions in language to more recent views in which identity is seen as a process firmly grounded in interaction. The first problem that every analyst is faced with when attempting to study the interactions between narrative and identity is the difficulty of defining identity itself. Although the latter has become one of the most important concepts not only in linguistics but in a variety of disciplines within the social sciences, it is surprisingly hard to find precise definitions and a basic agreement on them. This is because characterizations of identity vary according to the basic theoretical assumptions inspiring the researchers who have proposed them. In any case, definitions and choices of terms reflect the fundamental oppositions around which the debate over identity has evolved in the social sciences in general. Identity can be seen and defined as a property of the individual or as something that emerges through social interaction; it can be regarded as residing in the mind or in concrete social behavior; or it can be anchored to the individual or to the group. Furthermore, identity can be conceived of as existing independently of and above the concrete contexts in which it is manifested or as totally determined by them. Finally, it can be regarded as substantially personal or as relational. The methods for studying identities in language have been profoundly influenced by these alternative views.