Norm Entrepreneurs Sidestep REDD plus in Pursuit of Just and Sustainable Forest Governance
Norm Entrepreneurs Sidestep REDD plus in Pursuit of Just and Sustainable Forest Governance
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DOI：
10.3390/su10061726
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发表时间：
2018-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Zeitoun, Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dawson, Neil M.;Mason, Michael;Zeitoun, Mark
本文探讨了邻近森林的社区之间的正义观念和他们在全球森林政策中的代表性，提供公正的可持续性的一个持久的障碍之间的不和谐。我们通过特定的中介机构或正义经纪人，从经验上追踪农村村民的正义诉求：民间社会，国家或在地方到国际层面运作的私营部门参与者，他们通过不同的机构来推进各种社会和生态利益。我们利用在尼泊尔和乌干达的16个中间人的访谈，发现承认当地的价值观和做法，如习惯的土地保有制度是在每个国家的森林毗邻社区的主要司法问题。然而，中介机构认为，通过国家或国际气候和森林政策辩论，如降排+（减少毁林和森林退化所致排放量），推进这些主张的可能性很小，这在很大程度上是因为对司法的审议从属于碳核算和货币利益分配安排等关切。这表明，必须修改这些政策进程，以提供潜在的转型途径。追求承认正义问题的中间人在其他论坛上开发了创新策略。这些规范企业家采取了一套相辅相成的战略来获得影响力，包括：（1）在基层组建协会;（2）通过国家联盟开展媒体和宣传运动，以接触强大的国际捐助者;（3）利用国际支助网络提供咨询、培训和影响国家政府。在乌干达和尼泊尔，这些战略被证明提高了对当地价值观和做法的认识。
This paper explores the dissonance between conceptions of justice among forest-adjacent communities and their representation in global forest policies, a persistent barrier to delivering just sustainability. We empirically track justice claims of rural villagers upwards through specific intermediaries or justice brokers': civil society, state, or private sector actors operating at local to international levels, who navigate different institutions to advance various social and ecological interests. We draw on interviews with 16 intermediaries in each of Nepal and Uganda and find that recognition of local values and practices such as customary tenure systems are key justice concerns of forest-adjacent communities in each country. However, intermediaries perceive a low likelihood of advancing those claims through national or international climate and forest policy debates, such as REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation), in large part because deliberations on justice are subordinated to concerns such as carbon accounting and arrangements for distributing monetary benefits. This suggests these policy processes must be modified to offer potential for transformational pathways. Intermediaries who pursued recognition justice issues developed innovative tactics in alternative forums. These norm entrepreneurs' adopted a suite of complementary strategies to attain influence, including: (1) formation of associations at the grassroots level; (2) media and advocacy campaigns through national coalitions to reach powerful international donors, and; (3) drawing on international support networks for advice, training and to influence national government. In both Uganda and Nepal these strategies were evidenced to enhance recognition for local values and practices.