Emotional consequences when chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) face challenges: individual differences in self-directed behaviours during cognitive tasks
Emotional consequences when chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) face challenges: individual differences in self-directed behaviours during cognitive tasks
复制标题
黑猩猩（泛穴居人）面临挑战时的情绪后果：认知任务期间自我导向行为的个体差异
作者：
Y. Yamanashi;T. Matsuzawa
自我导向行为(SDB)被认为是负面情绪的表现。本研究的重点是黑猩猩在认知实验期间的SDB，以调查每只黑猩猩对自己的错误和任务难度变化的反应。在日本京都大学灵长类研究所的认知实验中，我们记录并分析了六只黑猩猩的行为。我们比较了正确试验和不正确试验后的SDB比率，以及简单任务和困难任务的SDB比率。我们的结果表明，黑猩猩对犯错的反应和任务的困难程度因个体而异。在六只黑猩猩中，有三只在不正确的试验后表现出比正确试验后更高的SDB发生率，在困难的任务中表现出比在容易的任务中更高的SDB发生率，而其他三只则不是。这一发现表明，黑猩猩表现出内部冲突的程度可能有所不同，我们应该仔细评估对任务情景的主观评估；在对黑猩猩进行实验研究时，应考虑到这些差异。
Self-directed behaviours (SDBs) are said to be indicative of negative emotions. The present study focused on chimpanzees’ SDBs during cognitive experiments in order to investigate how each chimpanzee reacted to his or her errors and to changes in task difficulty. We recorded and analysed the behaviour of six chimpanzees during cognitive experiments at the Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, in Japan. We compared the rate of SDBs after correct trials versus incorrect trials, and in easy tasks versus difficult tasks. Our results suggest that the chimpanzees’ reactions to making an error and the degree of difficulty of the task varied depending on the individual. Three out of the six chimpanzees exhibited higher rates of SDBs after incorrect trials than after correct trials, and in difficult tasks than in easy tasks whilst the other three did not. This finding suggests that chimpanzees may differ in the degree to which they exhibit internal conflict and we should carefully assess subjective evaluations of task situations; taking these differences into consideration when conducting experimental research in chimpanzees.