Analytical strategies to the determination of metal-containing nanoparticles in environmental waters
Analytical strategies to the determination of metal-containing nanoparticles in environmental waters
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trac.2016.03.026
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发表时间：
2016-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Leopold;A. Philippe;K. Wörle;G. Schaumann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Leopold;A. Philippe;K. Wörle;G. Schaumann
含金属纳米粒子 (MNP) 代表了新兴污染物，这些污染物仍然对环境相关样品中的测定带来分析挑战，包括极低的 MNP 浓度、高胶体背景以及进行形态分析的需要。作为对其他地方评估的传统最先进技术的补充，本综述还评估了环境样品中 MNP 的样品预处理、预浓缩、在线和离线检测、尺寸表征和定量的非传统方法。预浓缩技术，如浊点萃取和固相萃取，提供高预浓缩因子和回收率。电热原子吸收光谱法为溶解离子和纳米颗粒之间尚未解决的区别开辟了有趣的视角。单颗粒 ICP-MS 与尺寸分级技术（如流体动力色谱或电喷雾微分迁移率分析）相结合，对于评估 MNP 及其聚集体的形状和结构相关信息非常有前景。尽管高度相关，但参考材料的验证和生产以及测量确定性的定量标准仍需要进一步发展。
Metal-containing nanoparticles (MNPs) represent emerging pollutants that still pose analytical challenges for their determination in environmentally relevant samples, including extremely low MNPs' concentrations, high colloidal background and the need to perform speciation analysis. Complementary to traditional state-of-the-art techniques evaluated elsewhere, this review additionally evaluates less conventional approaches for sample pretreatment, preconcentration, on- and offline detection, size characterisation and quantification of MNPs in environmental samples.Preconcentration techniques, like cloud point extraction and solid phase extraction, provide high preconcentration factors and recoveries. Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry opens interesting perspectives in the still unresolved distinction between dissolved ions and nanoparticles. Combination of single particle ICP-MS with size fractionation techniques, like hydrodynamic chromatography or electrospray-differential mobility analysis, is highly promising for assessment of shape and structure-related information of MNPs and their aggregates. Although highly relevant, the validation and production of reference materials and quantitative criteria on measurement certainty still require further development.