The nutrition transition in Spain:: a European Mediterranean country
The nutrition transition in Spain:: a European Mediterranean country
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601414
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发表时间：
2002-10-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Popkin, BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moreno, LA;Sarría, A;Popkin, BM
背景：地中海饮食被认为是一种健康饮食，与饮食相关非传染性疾病的死亡率降低有关。目的：研究西班牙在饮食、活动、肥胖和与饮食有关的非传染性疾病方面的趋势，并将其与其他欧洲国家，特别是地中海地区国家进行比较。设计：结合大规模的一级和二级具有全国代表性的数据分析。数据：将过去四十年中获得的关于家庭食品消费、身体活动、成人肥胖和死亡原因的具有全国代表性的数据与具有区域代表性的青少年肥胖数据相结合。比较饮食和肥胖数据来自同一时期获得的具有全国代表性的可比数据。结果：西班牙人的饮食已经转向高脂肪摄入、高水果和奶制品摄入以及适度蔬菜摄入。当我们与现有数据进行比较时，欧洲人的乳制品和水果摄入量最高，脂肪能量的比例也最高。成年人超重和肥胖的趋势在过去十年中显著增加，其水平与意大利一样高，远远高于法国。6 - 7岁儿童的超重水平甚至高于美国，而青少年的超重水平是世界上最高的。心血管疾病死亡率低，与意大利和法国一样，癌症死亡率低于意大利和法国。结论：我们观察到，在西班牙，相对较高的肥胖患病率和乳制品摄入水平与心血管疾病和癌症死亡率的关系远低于其他欧洲国家。应该进一步探索这种独特的西班牙饮食和肥胖模式，以澄清因果关系。支持：美国国立卫生研究院（NIH； RO1-HD30880和R01-HD38700）。
Background: Mediterranean diets are felt to be healthful diets linked with reduced mortality from diet-related noncommunicable diseases.Objective: To examine trends in diet, activity, obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases for Spain and compare these with other European countries, particularly those from the Mediterranean area.Design: A combination of large-scale primary and secondary nationally representative data analysis are used.Data: Nationally representative data on household food consumption, physical activity, adult obesity, and cause of death are combined with regionally representative adolescent obesity data, obtained in the last four decades. Comparative diet and obesity data come from nationally representative comparable data, obtained during the same period.Results: The Spanish diet has shifted toward a very high level of fat intake, high fruit and dairy intake and moderate vegetable intake. Dairy and fruit intakes were the highest in Europe, as was the proportion of energy from fat, when we compared with the available data. Adult overweight and obesity trends show a marked increase in the past decade to levels as high as Italy and far above France. Overweight for children aged 6 - 7 is above that of even the USA, while adolescent overweight levels are among the highest in the world. Cardiovascular disease mortality is low, as with Italy and France, and the cancer mortality rate is lower than Italy and France.Conclusions: We have observed that, in Spain, relatively high obesity prevalences and dairy intake levels are related to much lower levels of cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality than are found in other European countries. This unique Spanish dietary and obesity pattern should be further explored in order to clarify the causal links.Support: The National Institutes of Health (NIH; RO1-HD30880 and R01-HD38700).