A HISTORY OF PROPOSALS FOR SUBPOPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE PACIFIC SARDINE (SARDINOPS SAGAX) POPULATION OFF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
A HISTORY OF PROPOSALS FOR SUBPOPULATION STRUCTURE IN THE PACIFIC SARDINE (SARDINOPS SAGAX) POPULATION OFF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
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北美西部太平洋沙丁鱼 (SARDINOPS SAGAX) 种群亚种群结构提案的历史
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发表时间：
2005
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通讯作者：
P. Smith
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作者：
P. Smith
最近的工作研究了东北太平洋正在恢复的太平洋沙丁鱼（Sardinops sagax）生物量的种群、种族或亚种群的结构。个体鱼类特征并不能清楚地表明出生的地理起源，但来自不同地区的沙丁鱼在生长速度、出生和补充时间、血型和椎骨数量方面表现出一定的异质性。即使存在异质性问题，预防性管理原则也应支持将不同地区的鱼类种群作为独立种群进行管理，以减少过度捕捞的风险。根据标记、年龄大小、孤立的产卵中心、血型、脊柱计数、估计的自然死亡率或双峰补充季节，东北太平洋的沙丁鱼估计有多达三个亚群。据认为产卵中心位于加利福尼亚湾 (GOCAL)、南下加利福尼亚州近海 (BSI) 和加利福尼亚州中部近海 (CCO)。对这些地区的沙丁鱼进行的粗略基因检查既不支持也不反驳这些分歧。对太平洋盆地四个遥远的沙丁鱼栖息地的沙丁鱼的遗传分析可以说是“浅薄的”，这意味着太平洋上所有物种的分离都是相对较新的。然而，在渔业管理的时间尺度上，几十年来，太平洋沿岸的两个种群（BSI 和 CCO）的分离似乎是长期的，因为几十年来北部种群的崩溃并没有刺激南部种群的明显替代。因此，谨慎的做法是制定单独的管理措施，界定 GOCAL 和 BSI 之间的界限以及 BSI 和 CCO 之间的界限，无论种群分离的遗传或栖息地基础如何。应该使用描述两个种群现代隔离的三个丰富数据基础来设计对种群之间边界处的沙丁鱼代表性样本的仔细研究，以设计在相邻种群之间分配渔获量的最实用的方法。本文回顾了现有数据，以了解哪些数据可用于管理恢复的太平洋沙丁鱼渔业的预防性方法。它还审查了我们对这些种群的了解以及用于评估它们的方法可能需要哪些进展，以确保东北太平洋种群的沙丁鱼渔业有足够的产卵生物量和产量。
Recent work has examined the structure of stocks, races, or subpopulations in the recovering Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) biomass of the northeast Pacific Ocean. Individual fish characteristics do not clearly indicate the geographic origin of birth, but collections of sardines from different areas show some heterogeneity in growth rate, time of birth and recruitment, blood type, and number of vertebrae. Even when heterogeneity is in question, precautionary management principles, which reduce the risk of overfishing, should support management of stocks of fish in different areas as independent stocks. The sardines of the northeast Pacific have been estimated to have up to three subpopulations based on tagging, size-at-age, isolated spawning centers, blood groups, vertebral column counts, estimated natural mortality rate, or bimodal seasons of recruitment. Spawning centers are thought to occur off the Gulf of California (GOCAL), Baja California Sur inshore (BSI) and Central California offshore (CCO). Cursory genetic examinations of sardines from these areas neither support nor refute these divisions. Genetic analysis of S. sagax from four far-flung sardine habitat sectors of the Pacific basin can be described as “shallow,” meaning the separation of all the species in the Pacific is relatively recent. However, on the time scale of fisheries management, decades, the separation of the two stocks on the Pacific coast, BSI and CCO, appears chronic in that the collapse of the northern stock did not stimulate an apparent replacement from the southern stock in decades. Therefore, it would be prudent to institute separate management measures that define the boundary between GOCAL and BSI and the boundary between BSI and CCO regardless of the genetic or habitat basis for stock separation. Three datarich bases for describing the two stocks’ modern isolation should be used to design careful studies of representative samples of sardines at the boundaries between the stocks for devising the most practical method for allocating catches among the neighboring stocks. This paper reviews existing data to see which might be applied to a precautionary approach to managing the revived Pacific sardine fisheries. It also examines what advances in our knowledge of these stocks and the methods used to assess them may be required to ensure an adequate spawning biomass and yield of the sardine fisheries for the northeast Pacific stock(s).