Fish with Chips: Tracking Reef Fish Movements to Evaluate Size and Connectivity of Caribbean Marine Protected Areas
Fish with Chips: Tracking Reef Fish Movements to Evaluate Size and Connectivity of Caribbean Marine Protected Areas
复制标题
炸鱼薯条：跟踪珊瑚礁鱼类活动以评估加勒比海洋保护区的规模和连通性
作者：
S. Pittman;M. Monaco;A. Friedlander;B. Legare;R. Nemeth;M. Kendall;M. Poti;R. D. Clark;Lisa M. Wedding;C. Caldow
加勒比区域的珊瑚礁和相关鱼类种群迅速减少，为解决这一问题，已广泛建立海洋保护区。不采取MPA的性能（即，海洋保护区）保护和重建鱼类种群的能力受到动物在其边界内和跨越其边界的移动的影响。人们对加勒比珊瑚礁鱼类活动知之甚少，造成了严重的知识差距，可能妨碍海洋保护区的有效设计、执行和评价。使用微型植入的声波发射器和固定的声波接收器阵列，我们解决了三个关键问题：多远可以珊瑚礁鱼移动？相邻海洋保护区之间是否存在连通性？现有的MPA大小是否与珊瑚礁鱼类运动的空间尺度相匹配？我们表明，许多珊瑚鱼能够旅行更大的距离和更短的时间比以前所知道的。在整个波多黎各大陆架，我们的163种标记鱼（10科18种）中有一半以上的鱼移动距离超过1公里，其中三种鱼在一天内移动超过10公里，四分之一的鱼在海洋保护区外停留。我们提供了直接的证据，整个网络的海洋保护区，包括超过40公里的估计运动连接近岸MPA与货架边缘产卵聚集的生态连接。大多数标记的鱼显示出对海洋保护区的高度忠诚，但也花时间在海洋保护区之外，这可能有助于溢出。我们四分之三的鱼类能够旅行的距离，将采取他们以外的保护所提供的至少40-64%的现有东加勒比海洋保护区。我们建议使用关键物种的运动模式来告知和评估MPA的功能和设计，特别是尺寸和形状。必须重新调整我们对加勒比珊瑚礁鱼类流动性和生境利用的看法，这对生态和管理效力具有重要影响。
Coral reefs and associated fish populations have experienced rapid decline in the Caribbean region and marine protected areas (MPAs) have been widely implemented to address this decline. The performance of no-take MPAs (i.e., marine reserves) for protecting and rebuilding fish populations is influenced by the movement of animals within and across their boundaries. Very little is known about Caribbean reef fish movements creating a critical knowledge gap that can impede effective MPA design, performance and evaluation. Using miniature implanted acoustic transmitters and a fixed acoustic receiver array, we address three key questions: How far can reef fish move? Does connectivity exist between adjacent MPAs? Does existing MPA size match the spatial scale of reef fish movements? We show that many reef fishes are capable of traveling far greater distances and in shorter duration than was previously known. Across the Puerto Rican Shelf, more than half of our 163 tagged fish (18 species of 10 families) moved distances greater than 1 km with three fish moving more than 10 km in a single day and a quarter spending time outside of MPAs. We provide direct evidence of ecological connectivity across a network of MPAs, including estimated movements of more than 40 km connecting a nearshore MPA with a shelf-edge spawning aggregation. Most tagged fish showed high fidelity to MPAs, but also spent time outside MPAs, potentially contributing to spillover. Three-quarters of our fish were capable of traveling distances that would take them beyond the protection offered by at least 40–64% of the existing eastern Caribbean MPAs. We recommend that key species movement patterns be used to inform and evaluate MPA functionality and design, particularly size and shape. A re-scaling of our perception of Caribbean reef fish mobility and habitat use is imperative, with important implications for ecology and management effectiveness.
保护后恢复中的美属维尔京群岛红后肢产卵聚集的种群特征。
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Nemeth,RichardS
通讯作者：
Nemeth,RichardS