POLYMORPHISM AND NATURAL SELECTION IN HUMAN POPULATIONS
POLYMORPHISM AND NATURAL SELECTION IN HUMAN POPULATIONS
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DOI：
10.1101/sqb.1964.029.01.018
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发表时间：
1964-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
ALLISON, AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ALLISON, AC
(1)纯合子镰状细胞病在非洲几乎是致命的。鉴于镰状细胞基因在许多地区的高频率，该基因的消除率不能通过反复突变来补偿。(2)平衡的多态性，因为镰状细胞杂合子是一个优势，主要是作为对恶性疟疾的保护的结果。(3)疟疾主要通过出生和生育年龄之间有和没有镰状细胞基因的受试者的不同生存能力发挥其选择性作用，并在较小程度上通过不同的生育能力发挥其选择性作用。(4)镰状细胞基因的高频率仅在恶性疟疾流行或直到最近才流行的地区发现。(5)在大多数新大陆黑人群体中，镰状细胞基因的频率低于由于种族混合而稀释非洲基因库所预期的频率。这可能是镰状细胞基因被消除而没有抵消杂合优势的结果。(6)在两个异常血红蛋白基因共存的区域，并以这样一种方式相互作用，即拥有这两种基因的个体处于一个特定的水平。
(1) The homozygous sickle-cell condition is virtually lethal in Africa. In view of the high frequencies of the sickle-cell gene in many regions, the rate of elimination of the gene could not be compensated by recurrent mutation.(2) Balanced polymorphism has resulted because the sickle-cell heterozygote is at an advantage, mainly as a consequence of protection against falciparum malaria.(3) Malaria exerts its selective effect mainly through differential viability of subjects with and without the sickle-cell gene between birth and reproductive age, and to a much lesser extent through differential fertility.(4) High frequencies of the sickle-cell gene are found only in regions where falciparum malaria is, or was until recently, endemic.(5) In most New World Negro populations, frequencies of the sickle-cell gene are lower than would be expected from dilution of the African gene pool by racial admixture. This is probably the result of elimination of sickle-cell genes without counterbalancing heterozygous advantage.(6) In regions where two genes for abnormal hemoglobins co-exist, and interact in such a way that individuals possessing both genes are at a