Phototactic personality in fruit flies and its suppression by serotonin and white
Phototactic personality in fruit flies and its suppression by serotonin and white
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1211988109
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发表时间：
2012-11-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
de Bivort, Benjamin L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kain, Jamey S.;Stokes, Chris;de Bivort, Benjamin L.
当受到惊吓时，果蝇通常会朝着光线移动(积极的光反射)。不同种类的果蝇在它们各自的平均趋光行为上表现出一定的差异；然而，目前还不清楚每个物种中遗传相同的个体在多大程度上表现出独特的行为。在实验室节肢动物中确实观察到了这种行为个性；然而，个体之间行为差异背后的神经生物学因素尚不清楚。我们开发了“FlyVac”，这是一种高通量的设备，用于并行地自动评估单个动物的趋光性。我们观察到每个被测试的物种和菌株之间令人惊讶的变异性，包括相同饲养的同基因菌株。在一个极端的例子中，一种驯化的拟态果蝇既有强烈的光阳性个体，也有强烈的光阴性个体。个体苍蝇的特定行为是不可遗传的，因为它终生存在，所以构成了一个解释个性分子机制的模型系统。虽然所有被测试的菌株都有比预期更大的变异(假设采用二项抽样)，但一些菌株的变异比其他菌株更大，这意味着遗传基础。利用遗传学和药理学，我们确定代谢物转运体怀特和白种依赖的5-羟色胺是趋光性人格的抑制因子。因为我们在所有实验组中都观察到了行为特质，所以我们怀疑它存在于大多数动物的大多数行为中。
Drosophila typically move toward light (phototax positively) when startled. The various species of Drosophila exhibit some variation in their respective mean phototactic behaviors; however, it is not clear to what extent genetically identical individuals within each species behave idiosyncratically. Such behavioral individuality has indeed been observed in laboratory arthropods; however, the neurobiological factors underlying individual-to-individual behavioral differences are unknown. We developed "FlyVac," a high-throughput device for automatically assessing phototaxis in single animals in parallel. We observed surprising variability within every species and strain tested, including identically reared, isogenic strains. In an extreme example, a domesticated strain of Drosophila simulans harbored both strongly photopositive and strongly photonegative individuals. The particular behavior of an individual fly is not heritable and, because it persists for its lifetime, constitutes a model system for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of personality. Although all strains assayed had greater than expected variation (assuming binomial sampling), some had more than others, implying a genetic basis. Using genetics and pharmacology, we identified the metabolite transporter White and white-dependent serotonin as suppressors of phototactic personality. Because we observed behavioral idiosyncrasy in all experimental groups, we suspect it is present in most behaviors of most animals.