Brick : Metadata schema for portable smart building applications
Brick : Metadata schema for portable smart building applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.02.091
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发表时间：
2018-09-15
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
Whitehouse, Kamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Balaji, Bharathan;Bhattacharya, Arka;Whitehouse, Kamin
建筑物占全球能源使用量的32%。一种由传感器、执行器和人构成的分布式网络的令人兴奋的新型“应用”模式已经出现，以提高建筑物的能源效率和运营管理水平。这些应用利用了嵌入式传感、处理、网络方面的技术进步以及它们与现代建筑物中部署的监控和数据采集系统以及移动无线平台上的用户相结合的方法。然而，在智能建筑应用和信息物理系统的这一愿景能够实现之前，还面临着一些技术挑战。这些系统产生的传感数据在能够被有意义地使用之前，需要进行大量的整理。这在很大程度上是一项人工的、成本高昂的任务，因此由于缺乏通用的描述模式，这类解决方案很少能被广泛采用。最近的尝试试图通过数据标准和元数据模式来解决这一问题，但在捕捉应用所需的丰富关系方面存在不足。本文介绍了Brick，一种用于表示建筑物的统一元数据模式，它建立在该领域的最新进展之上。我们的模式为传感器、子系统以及它们之间的关系定义了一个具体的本体，从而使可移植应用成为可能。我们通过使用Brick来表示不同校区的六栋不同建筑物的整个供应商特定的传感器元数据（包括17700个数据点），并在这些建筑物上运行八个未经修改的能效应用，证明了Brick的完整性和有效性。
Buildings account for 32% of worldwide energy usage. A new regime of exciting new "applications" that span a distributed fabric of sensors, actuators and humans has emerged to improve building energy efficiency and operations management. These applications leverage the technological advances in embedded sensing, processing, networking and methods by which they can be coupled with supervisory control and data acquisition systems deployed in modern buildings and with users on mobile wireless platforms. There are, however, several technical challenges to confront before such a vision of smart building applications and cyber-physical systems can be realized. The sensory data produced by these systems need significant curation before it can be used meaningfully. This is largely a manual, cost-prohibitive task and hence such solutions rarely experience widespread adoption due to the lack of a common descriptive schema.Recent attempts have sought to address this through data standards and metadata schemata but fall short in capturing the richness of relationships required by applications. This paper describes Brick, a uniform metadata schema for representing buildings that builds upon recent advances in the area. Our schema defines a concrete ontology for sensors, subsystems and the relationships between them, which enables portable applications. We demonstrate the completeness and effectiveness of Brick by using it to represent the entire vendor-specific sensor metadata of six diverse buildings across different campuses, comprising 17,700 data points, and running eight unmodified energy efficiency applications on these buildings.