Buried Alive: The Behavioural Response of the Mussels, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis to Sudden Burial by Sediment.
Buried Alive: The Behavioural Response of the Mussels, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis to Sudden Burial by Sediment.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0151471
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Last KS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hutchison ZL;Hendrick VJ;Burrows MT;Wilson B;Last KS
海洋中的沉积是通过自然过程发生的，例如波浪和潮汐作用，在风暴和洪水期间可能会加剧。众所周知，陆地利用、海洋骨料开采、疏浚、钻探和采矿的变化会导致大量沉积物沉积。研究表明，由于海洋可再生能源的现代发展，沉积也会发生。在专门的中生态系统中，研究了两种贻贝物种（Modiolus modiolus 和 Mytilus edulis）对三种沉积深度、三种沉积物组分和五种埋藏持续时间下个体埋藏的反应。这两种贻贝都表现出很高的死亡率，死亡率随着埋藏时间的延长和被更细的沉积物埋藏而增加。 M. modiolus 比 M. edulis 更能在短期埋葬中存活下来，但在较长时间内，死亡率更为明显。在埋藏时间为 8 天或更少的情况下，M. modiolus 没有观察到死亡，但到埋藏 16 天时，累计死亡率超过 50%。在不同的温度条件下，美味贻贝的死亡率从 8°C 时的 20% 增加到 14.5 和 20°C 时的 60% 以上。只有M. edulis能够从埋葬中出现，这得益于足丝产量的增加，足丝主要分布在垂直表面上，但也分布在沉积物颗粒上。粗沉积物和浅埋藏的出水率较高。贻贝的足丝产量与贻贝的状况指数无关。结果表明，即使是边缘埋葬也会导致死亡，并且在温暖的夏季更为明显。我们的结果表明，在埋藏的情况下，除非局部流体动力学协助，否则成年M. modiolus将无法从埋葬中出现，而一小部分M. edulis可能会重新与沉积物水界面接触。讨论了导致死亡的生理应激、局部水动力对生存的贡献以及其他生态压力，例如聚集中存在的贻贝。
Sedimentation in the sea occurs through natural processes, such as wave and tidal action, which can be exacerbated during storms and floods. Changes in terrestrial land use, marine aggregate extraction, dredging, drilling and mining are known to result in substantial sediment deposition. Research suggests that deposition will also occur due to the modern development of marine renewable energy. The response to individual burial under three depths of sediment, three sediment fractions and five burial durations was investigated in two mussel species, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus edulis in specialist mesocosms. Both mussel species showed substantial mortality, which increased with duration of burial and burial by finer sediment fractions. M. modiolus was better able to survive short periods of burial than M. edulis, but at longer durations mortality was more pronounced. No mortality was observed in M. modiolus in burial durations of eight days or less but by 16 days of burial, over 50% cumulative mortality occurred. Under variable temperature regimes, M. edulis mortality increased from 20% at 8°C to over 60% at 14.5 and 20°C. Only M. edulis was able to emerge from burial, facilitated by increased byssus production, laid mostly on vertical surfaces but also on sediment particles. Emergence was higher from coarse sediment and shallow burials. Byssus production in M. edulis was not related to the condition index of the mussels. Results suggest that even marginal burial would result in mortality and be more pronounced in warm summer periods. Our results suggest that in the event of burial, adult M. modiolus would not be able to emerge from burial unless local hydrodynamics assist, whereas a small proportion of M. edulis may regain contact with the sediment water interface. The physiological stress resulting in mortality, contribution of local hydrodynamics to survival and other ecological pressures such as mussels existing in aggregations, are discussed.