Mobility disability and the urban built environment
Mobility disability and the urban built environment
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwn185
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发表时间：
2008-09-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
House, James S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Clarke, Philippa;Ailshire, Jennifer A.;House, James S.
关于建筑环境在从损伤到残疾的过程中的影响的研究在很大程度上是缺乏的。使用来自芝加哥社区成人健康研究（2001-2003年）的数据，作者根据下肢身体损伤的水平，研究了建筑环境特征对45岁或以上成年人（n = 1，195）移动残疾的影响。建筑环境的特点进行了评估，使用系统的社会观察，独立率街道和人行道的质量在街区周围的每个受访者的住宅在城市的芝加哥（伊利诺伊州）。使用多项逻辑回归，作者发现街道条件对只有轻度或没有身体损伤的成年人的户外活动没有影响。然而，在神经肌肉和运动相关功能受损更严重的成年人中，当至少有一条街道状况良好或较差（以裂缝、坑洞或破碎的路缘石为特征）时，报告严重行动障碍的比值比差异要大四倍以上。当所有街道状况良好时，下肢受损者报告行动能力残疾的几率会降低。如果街道的质量能够得到改善，即使是有所改善，对于那些在户外活动中残疾风险最大的成年人来说，残疾的过程可以减缓甚至逆转。
Research on the effects of the built environment in the pathway from impairment to disability has been largely absent. Using data from the Chicago Community Adult Health Study (2001-2003), the authors examined the effect of built environment characteristics on mobility disability among adults aged 45 or more years (n = 1,195) according to their level of lower extremity physical impairment. Built environment characteristics were assessed by using systematic social observation to independently rate street and sidewalk quality in the block surrounding each respondent's residence in the city of Chicago (Illinois). Using multinomial logistic regression, the authors found that street conditions had no effect on outdoor mobility among adults with only mild or no physical impairment. However, among adults with more severe impairment in neuromuscular and movement-related functions, the difference in the odd ratios for reporting severe mobility disability was over four times greater when at least one street was in fair or poor condition (characterized by cracks, potholes, or broken curbs). When all streets were in good condition, the odds of reporting mobility disability were attenuated in those with lower extremity impairment. If street quality could be improved, even somewhat, for those adults at greatest risk for disability in outdoor mobility, the disablement process could be slowed or even reversed.