Is the SNARC effect related to the level of mathematics? No systematic relationship observed despite more power, more repetitions, and more direct assessment of arithmetic skill
Is the SNARC effect related to the level of mathematics? No systematic relationship observed despite more power, more repetitions, and more direct assessment of arithmetic skill
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DOI：
10.1080/17470218.2013.772215
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发表时间：
2013-10-01
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Nuerk, Hans-Christoph
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cipora, Krzysztof;Nuerk, Hans-Christoph
SNARC（响应代码的空间数字关联）描述了右手对较大数字的响应速度更快，而左手对较小数字的响应速度更快。文献中认为，具有算术技能的成年人和不具备算术技能的成年人在 SNARC 上存在差异。然而，各自的数据都是描述性的，决定性的测试并不重要。造成这种不显着性的可能原因是，在以前的研究中（a）使用的样本非常小，（b）重复次数太少，产生的功效太小，因此可靠性太小，无法达到 SNARC 中描述技能差异的常规显着性水平，以及（c）一般数学能力是根据学生的学习领域进行评估的，而个人算术技能没有得到检查。因此，我们使用更大的样本、更多的重复以及对算术技能的直接评估来探讨 SNARC 效应与算术技能之间的关系。然而，没有获得算术熟练和非熟练参与者之间 SNARC 效果的差异。贝叶斯分析显示了真正的无效效应的积极证据，而不仅仅是功率问题。因此，我们得出的结论是，我们的数据并不能证明算术熟练的参与者和非熟练的参与者在 SNARC 效应上通常存在差异的观点。
The SNARC (spatial-numerical association of response codes) described that larger numbers are responded faster with the right hand and smaller numbers with the left hand. It is held in the literature that arithmetically skilled and nonskilled adults differ in the SNARC. However, the respective data are descriptive, and the decisive tests are nonsignificant. Possible reasons for this nonsignificance could be that in previous studies (a) very small samples were used, (b) there were too few repetitions producing too little power and, consequently, reliabilities that were too small to reach conventional significance levels for the descriptive skill differences in the SNARC, and (c) general mathematical ability was assessed by the field of study of students, while individual arithmetic skills were not examined. Therefore we used a much bigger sample, a lot more repetitions, and direct assessment of arithmetic skills to explore relations between the SNARC effect and arithmetic skills. Nevertheless, a difference in SNARC effect between arithmetically skilled and nonskilled participants was not obtained. Bayesian analysis showed positive evidence of a true null effect, not just a power problem. Hence we conclude that the idea that arithmetically skilled and nonskilled participants generally differ in the SNARC effect is not warranted by our data.