Larval myogenesis in Echinodermata: conserved features and morphological diversity between class-specific larval forms of Echinoidae, Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea
Larval myogenesis in Echinodermata: conserved features and morphological diversity between class-specific larval forms of Echinoidae, Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea
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DOI：
10.1111/ede.12010
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Odintsova, Nelly
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dyachuk, Vyacheslav;Odintsova, Nelly
通过幼虫肌肉的大体解剖学和比较形态学研究了属于棘皮动物门（海胆科、海星纲和海参总科）的三个纲的特定幼虫形式的肌肉发生。通过使用鬼笔环肽和针对肌肉蛋白的抗体染色，以及随后的 CLSM 和 3D 成像，我们检查了幼虫从原肠胚阶段到变态前幼虫阶段的肌发生。我们已经表明，肌肉蛋白的时间和空间表达在海胆科和小星科幼虫中是相似的，但在早期发育阶段的海参幼虫中是不同的。检测到关于棘皮动物幼虫发育过程中成熟肌原纤维的蛋白质组成的新见解。在所有测试类别中，第一个区分的肌肉结构被发现是与幼虫摄食相关的圆形食管肌。在棘皮动物幼虫肌细胞的早期分化过程中，我们观察到肌肉蛋白的表达模式并不均匀，而是具有特征性的弥散分布，这是平滑肌的典型特征。在幼虫括约肌中检测到肌肉蛋白的不寻常表达模式：厚肌肉蛋白首先在发育早期阶段表达，而 F-肌动蛋白出现在后期。此外，在成熟的海胆科（Echinoidae prudei）中发现了成对的星形肌肉，但在海星科（Asteroidea）和海参科（Holoturoidea）幼虫中却没有。所有测试的棘皮动物物种在发育过程中都表现出肌肉形态的保守特征，表明共同的生活史策略和浮游栖息地，并且还表现出广泛的形态多样性，代表发育过程中特定的解剖适应。
The myogenesis of class-specific larval forms of three classes belonging to the phylum Echinodermata (Echinoidae, Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea) was investigated via gross-anatomy and comparative morphology of larval muscles. Using staining with phalloidin and antibodies against the muscle proteins, with subsequent CLSM and 3D imaging, we have examined myogenesis in the larvae from the gastrula stage to pre-metamorphosis larval stages. We have shown that temporal and spatial expression of muscle proteins is similar in echinoidea and asteroidea larvae but differs in holothuroidea larvae at early developmental stages. New insights regarding the protein composition of maturing muscular fibrils during development in echinoderm larvae were detected. The first differentiating muscle structures in all tested classes have been found to be circular esophageal muscles that are associated with larval feeding. During early differentiation of echinoderm larval muscle cells, we observed that the expression patterns of the muscle proteins were not uniform but with a characteristic diffuse distribution, which is typical for smooth muscle. An unusual pattern of expression of the muscle proteins was detected in larval sphincters: the thick muscle proteins were first expressed during the early developmental stages, whereas F-actin appeared at later stages. In addition, paired star-shaped muscles were revealed in the mature Echinoidae plutei, but were absent in the Asteroidea, and Holothuroidea larvae. All tested species of Echinodermata exhibited both conserved features of muscle morphology during development indicating a common life history strategy and a planktonic habitat, and also an extensive morphological diversity representing specific anatomical adaptations during development.