The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review.
The nexus between improved water supply and water-borne diseases in urban areas in Africa: a scoping review.
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DOI：
10.12688/aasopenres.13225.1
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thumbi SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mutono N;Wright JA;Mutembei H;Muema J;Thomas MLH;Mutunga M;Thumbi SM
背景：撒哈拉以南非洲是世界上城市化速度最快的地区。然而，该区域的基础设施增长速度低于城市化速度，导致管道安全饮用水等基本服务的供应和获取不足。缺乏足够的安全用水有可能增加这些城市化人口中的水传播疾病负担。本范围审查评估了如何研究非洲水传播疾病和水充足之间的关系。 研究方法：2020年4月，我们在Web of Science、PubMed、Embase和Google Scholar数据库中搜索了非洲城市的研究，这些研究探讨了自来水供应不足对选定的水传播疾病和综合征（霍乱、伤寒、腹泻、阿米巴病、痢疾、胃炎、隐孢子虫、环孢子虫病、贾第鞭毛虫病、轮状病毒）的影响。仅包括在2014年拥有超过50万居民的城市进行的研究。 结果：共有来自17个国家的24个城市的32项研究纳入本研究。大多数研究采用病例对照、横断面个体或生态水平研究设计。获得自来水的研究人口比例是衡量水供应的常用指标，而人均消费量或供水中断很少用于评估充足的供水。腹泻、霍乱和伤寒是用来了解城市地区健康与供水充足之间关系的主要疾病或综合症。所使用的研究设计与健康结果和水充足指标之间的相关性较弱。很少有研究关注健康结果和水充足性随时间的变化。 结论：在非洲城市地区，应优先监测自来水数量和获取方式的健康结果和趋势，以便实施干预措施，减少与水传播疾病和综合征相关的负担。
Background: The sub-Saharan Africa has the fastest rate of urbanisation in the world. However, infrastructure growth in the region is slower than urbanisation rates, leading to inadequate provision and access to basic services such as piped safe drinking water. Lack of sufficient access to safe water has the potential to increase the burden of waterborne diseases among these urbanising populations. This scoping review assesses how the relationship between waterborne diseases and water sufficiency in Africa has been studied. Methods: In April 2020, we searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar databases for studies of African cities that examined the effect of insufficient piped water supply on selected waterborne disease and syndromes (cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, amoebiasis, dysentery, gastroneteritis, cryptosporidium, cyclosporiasis, giardiasis, rotavirus). Only studies conducted in cities that had more than half a million residents in 2014 were included. Results: A total of 32 studies in 24 cities from 17 countries were included in the study. Most studies used case-control, cross-sectional individual or ecological level study designs. Proportion of the study population with access to piped water was the common water availability metrics measured while amounts consumed per capita or water interruptions were seldom used in assessing sufficient water supply. Diarrhea, cholera and typhoid were the major diseases or syndromes used to understand the association between health and water sufficiency in urban areas. There was weak correlation between the study designs used and the association with health outcomes and water sufficiency metrics. Very few studies looked at change in health outcomes and water sufficiency over time. Conclusion: Surveillance of health outcomes and the trends in piped water quantity and mode of access should be prioritised in urban areas in Africa in order to implement interventions towards reducing the burden associated with waterborne diseases and syndromes.