Physics of Icing and Rational Design of Surfaces with Extraordinary Icephobicity
Physics of Icing and Rational Design of Surfaces with Extraordinary Icephobicity
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DOI：
10.1021/la502586a
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发表时间：
2015-05-05
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Poulikakos, Dimos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schutzius, Thomas M.;Jung, Stefan;Poulikakos, Dimos
表面结冰在自然界和科技领域都是司空见惯的事，影响着人们的日常生活，有时还会引发灾难性事件。理解（和抵消）表面结冰带来了重大的科学挑战，需要来自不同科学领域的跨学科知识，如成核热力学和传热、流体动力学、表面化学和表面纳米工程。在这里，我们讨论了与表面上冰形成的物理相关的关键方面和发现，并展示了如何利用这些知识来合理地开发具有极端抗冰性（非凡憎冰性）的表面。虽然具有微、纳米或（通常是仿生）层次粗糙度的超疏水表面在实验室环境中（在某些条件下）显示出优异的拒水性和低附着力，直到接近或低于冰点的温度，但极端的疏冰性需要额外的重要功能。其他方法，如润滑剂浸渍表面，在结冰方面既有优点，也有严重的局限性。总而言之，找到一条通向抗冰能力强的被动表面的清晰道路仍然是一项挑战，但这是一项非常值得尝试的任务。对潜在应用同样重要的是可扩展的表面制造，以及在实验室以外的恶劣条件下，疏冰表面可靠和可持续运行的能力。表面应具有机械和化学稳定性，并应具有热弹性。本文还讨论了这些问题和相关的研究方向。
Icing of surfaces is commonplace in nature and technology, affecting everyday life and sometimes causing catastrophic events. Understanding (and counteracting) surface icing brings with it significant scientific challenges that requires interdisciplinary knowledge from diverse scientific fields such as nucleation thermodynamics and heat transfer, fluid dynamics, surface chemistry, and surface nanoengineering. Here we discuss key aspects and findings related to the physics of ice formation on surfaces and show how such knowledge could be employed to rationally develop surfaces with extreme resistance to icing (extraordinary icephobicity). Although superhydrophobic surfaces with micro-, nano-, or (often biomimetic) hierarchical roughnesses have shown in laboratory settings (under certain conditions) excellent repellency and low adhesion to water down to temperatures near or below the freezing point, extreme icephobicity necessitates additional important functionalities. Other approaches, such as lubricant-impregnated surfaces, exhibit both advantages and serious limitations with respect to icing. In all, a clear path toward passive surfaces with extreme resistance to ice formation remains a challenge, but it is one well worth undertaking. Equally important to potential applications is scalable surface manufacturing and the ability of icephobic surfaces to perform reliably and sustainably outside the laboratory under adverse conditions. Surfaces should possess mechanical and chemical stability, and they should be thermally resilient. Such issues and related research directions are also addressed in this article.