DETECTING AND MEASURING INDIVIDUAL TREES WITH LASER SCANNING IN MIXED MOUNTAIN FOREST OF CENTRAL EUROPE USING AN ALGORITHM DEVELOPED FOR SWEDISH BOREAL FOREST CONDITIONS
DETECTING AND MEASURING INDIVIDUAL TREES WITH LASER SCANNING IN MIXED MOUNTAIN FOREST OF CENTRAL EUROPE USING AN ALGORITHM DEVELOPED FOR SWEDISH BOREAL FOREST CONDITIONS
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使用针对瑞典北方森林条件开发的算法，通过激光扫描在中欧混合山地森林中检测和测量单棵树木
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
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通讯作者：
E. Kennel
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作者：
M. Heurich;A. Persson;J. Holmgren;E. Kennel
来自不同类型传感器的航空遥感数据在巴伐利亚森林国家公园内进行了测试，以便使用几种分析方法估计森林属性。在这项研究中，应用了一个早先在瑞典条件下得到验证的算法。该算法估计树的位置、树高和单株树的树冠直径。巴伐利亚森林国家公园位于德国东南部。三个主要的森林地带分布在不同海拔：(1)海拔1100米以上的亚高山云杉林，其中有挪威云杉(Picea Abies)和部分山地水曲柳(Sorbus Ucuparia)；(2)在海拔600-1100米之间的山坡上有挪威云杉、白冷杉(Abies Alba)、欧洲山毛榉(Fagus Sylvatica)和梧桐枫(Acer Puoplatanus)的混交林；(3)在山谷底部发现的云杉林和挪威云杉、山地白蜡树和白桦(桦树、白桦)的混交林。2002年5月至9月期间，对国家公园所有林区的28块样地进行了实地测量。使用Toposys II机载激光扫描仪系统采集激光数据，记录第一个和最后一个脉冲。用激光数据探测到的树木数量与现场测量结果进行了比较。总的发现率为44.2%。上层占67.9%，中层占5.9%，下层占2.5%。检出量占田间实测量的85.2%。纯云杉林效果最好，密植山毛榉和云杉林最差。激光测量的树高与地面测量的树高有很高的相关性，所有树木的RMSE值为1.40m，针叶树为1.37m，落叶树为1.41m。激光测量的牙冠半径与现场测量的牙冠半径之间也具有较高的相关性。20林分内林木的均方根误差为0.93m，针叶树的均方根误差为0.53m，落叶乔木的均方根误差为0.94m。蓄积量由单株树水平上的回归模型计算。总体而言，估计成交量的96.7%。
Airborne remote sensing data from different types of sensors are tested within the Bavarian Forest National Park for estimation of forest attributes using several analysis methodologies. In this study, one algorithm that earlier has been validated for Swedish conditions was applied. The algorithm estimates tree position, tree height, and crown diameter of individual trees. The Bavarian Forest National Park is located in southeastern Germany. Three major forest zones are found at different elevations: (1) sub alpine spruce forests with Norway spruce (Picea abies) and partly Mountain ash (Sorbus aucuparia) above 1100 m, (2) mixed forests with Norway spruce, White fir (Abies alba), European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) on slopes between 600 and 1100 m, and (3) spruce forests with Norway spruce, Mountain ash and birches (Betula pendula, Betula pubescens) that are found in valley bottoms. Twenty-eight sample plots were field measured in all forest zones of the National Park during May and September 2002. Laser data were acquired using the Toposys II airborne laser scanner system recording first and last pulse. The number of trees that were detected using laser data was compared with field measurements. The overall detection rate was 44.2 %. In the top layer 67.9 %, in the middle layer 5.9 % and in the lower layer 2.5 % of the trees were detected. The percentage of detected volume was 85.2 % of the total volume measured in the field. The best results were obtained for a pure spruce stands and the worst for dense beech and spruce stands. High correlations were found between laser and ground measured tree height, with RMSE values of 1.40 m for all trees, of 1.37 m for coniferous trees and 1.41 m for deciduous trees. The correlation was also high between laser measured and field measured crown radius. For trees within 20 stands, the RMSE was 0.93 m. The measurements for the coniferous trees (RMSE 0.53 m) were more accurate than for the deciduous trees (RMSE 0.94 m). The volume was calculated by regression models on a single tree level. Overall 96.7 % of the volume was estimated.