Should We Take Up the Slack?: Reflections on Non-ideal Theory in Ethics
Should We Take Up the Slack?: Reflections on Non-ideal Theory in Ethics
复制标题
我们应该弥补这一不足吗？：对伦理学非理想理论的反思
DOI：
10.1007/s11406-022-00536-6
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
0.5
通讯作者：
Satoshi Fukuma
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
山口 雅広;藤本 温;Satoshi Fukuma
这篇文章要问的是，我们的道德义务是否（以及如何）是由他人的不服从而产生的，以及我们是否应该履行这些义务。例如，我们是否需要捐赠更多的收入来消除世界贫困，因为亿万富翁不捐款？如果是，我们应该捐多少？简而言之，我们是否应该弥补他人对道德责任的违约——如果应该，如何弥补，弥补到什么程度？这种情况在政治哲学中被称为非理想情况。近年来，随着非理想的正义和伦理理论的日益重要，我们在非理想情况下应该如何行动的问题受到了伦理学文献的越来越多的关注。这篇文章提出并解决了这样一个问题：当别人不遵守自己的道德义务时，我们是否应该负起责任。本文探讨了结果主义和契约主义如何应对非理想的情况，然后为契约主义-建构主义处理这些情况的方法辩护。
This article asks whether (and how) our moral duties are created by others’ non-compliance and whether we should fulfill them or not. For example, do we need to donate more of our income to eradicate world poverty because billionaires do not donate? If so, how much should we donate? In short, should we make up for others’ defaulting on their moral duties – and if so, how and to what extent? Such situations are called non-ideal circumstances in political philosophy. With the increasing importance of non-ideal theories of justice and ethics, the question of how we should act in non-ideal situations has received more attention in the ethics literature in recent years. This article poses and addresses the question of whether we should take up the slack when others do not comply with their own moral duty. This article examines how consequentialism and contractualism might respond to non-ideal situations of taking up the slack and then defends a contractualist-constructivist approach to dealing with these situations.