Light and vision in the deep-sea benthos: I. Bioluminescence at 500-1000. m depth in the Bahamian Islands
Light and vision in the deep-sea benthos: I. Bioluminescence at 500-1000. m depth in the Bahamian Islands
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DOI：
10.1242/jeb.072009
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发表时间：
2012-10-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Messing, Charles G.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Johnsen, Soenke;Frank, Tamara M.;Messing, Charles G.
生物发光是常见的，并且在中浮游物种中得到了很好的研究。然而，尽管底栖鱼类、甲壳类动物和头足类动物在深海中相对较大的眼睛表明存在重要的生物发光，但在类似深度的底栖动物中生物发光的程度研究得很少。利用Johnson-Sea-Link潜水器，我们在巴哈马北部的三个地点（500-1000）收集了许多种刺胞动物、棘皮动物、甲壳类动物、头足类动物和海绵动物，以及一种环节动物。米深度)。采用机械和化学刺激的方法，对采集到的物种进行了发光测试，并对其发光光谱进行了拍摄和测量。此外，还拍摄了不同底栖生物栖息地的现场强化视频和静态照片。令人惊讶的是，这些地点的底栖动物的生物发光远不如来自相似深度的中远洋动物，只有不到20%的收集物种会发光。生物发光分类群包括海葵2种（放线菌属）、扇形类拟花珊瑚科（原Gerardia sp.） 1新属和新种（拟花珊瑚科）、海笔3种（拟花珊瑚科）、竹珊瑚3种（竹珊瑚科）、金花珊瑚Chrysogorgia desbonni（金花珊瑚科）、caridea shrimp Parapandalus sp.和Heterocarpus ensifer（十足目）、两种holothuroids（弹性足目和蛇足目）和蛇足目Ophiochiton ternispinus（蛇足目）。除了蛇状体和两只虾，它们发出蓝光（峰值波长470和455）。Nm)，所有物种产生的光都比大多数中远洋分类群产生的光更绿，其中滨藻类的光强烈地向更长的波长转移。现场观察表明，与这些位置相关的生物发光主要是由于生物发光浮游生物在撞击延伸到水柱中的滤食性生物时发出的光。
Bioluminescence is common and well studied in mesopelagic species. However, the extent of bioluminescence in benthic sites of similar depths is far less studied, although the relatively large eyes of benthic fish, crustaceans and cephalopods at bathyal depths suggest the presence of significant biogenic light. Using the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible, we collected numerous species of cnidarians, echinoderms, crustaceans, cephalopods and sponges, as well as one annelid from three sites in the northern Bahamas (500-1000. m depth). Using mechanical and chemical stimulation, we tested the collected species for light emission, and photographed and measured the spectra of the emitted light. In addition, in situ intensified video and still photos were taken of different benthic habitats. Surprisingly, bioluminescence in benthic animals at these sites was far less common than in mesopelagic animals from similar depths, with less than 20% of the collected species emitting light. Bioluminescent taxa comprised two species of anemone (Actinaria), a new genus and species of flabellate Parazoanthidae (formerly Gerardia sp.) (Zoanthidea), three sea pens (Pennatulacea), three bamboo corals (Alcyonacea), the chrysogorgiid coral Chrysogorgia desbonni (Alcyonacea), the caridean shrimp Parapandalus sp. and Heterocarpus ensifer (Decapoda), two holothuroids (Elasipodida and Aspidochirota) and the ophiuroid Ophiochiton ternispinus (Ophiurida). Except for the ophiuroid and the two shrimp, which emitted blue light (peak wavelengths 470 and 455. nm), all the species produced greener light than that measured in most mesopelagic taxa, with the emissions of the pennatulaceans being strongly shifted towards longer wavelengths. In situ observations suggested that bioluminescence associated with these sites was due primarily to light emitted by bioluminescent planktonic species as they struck filter feeders that extended into the water column.