A COMPARISON OF DELAYS AND RATIO REQUIREMENTS IN SELF-CONTROL CHOICE
A COMPARISON OF DELAYS AND RATIO REQUIREMENTS IN SELF-CONTROL CHOICE
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1986.45-305
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发表时间：
1986-05-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
MAZUR, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GROSSBARD, CL;MAZUR, JE
在离散试验程序中，鸽子可以在2-S和6-S之间进行选择，只需按一下键就可以获得谷物。在第一阶段，鸽子通过按固定比例的时间表响应来获得两种增强剂。在第二阶段，他们在按固定时间安排的简单延迟后接受了两种增强剂，在此期间不需要回复。在第三阶段，2-S强化剂通过固定时间时间表供应，6-S强化剂通过固定比例时间表供应。在所有情况下，导致6-S增强剂的延迟或比率的大小在每个疗程中系统地增加或减少几次，从而可以估计出一个“无关点”，即受试者平均选择每种选择的时间表大小。通过改变2-S增强剂在不同条件下的时间表大小，在固定时间条件和固定比例条件下都得到了几个这样的无关点。由固定时间条件和固定比例条件得到的“无差异曲线”形状相似，可用双曲线方程描述比尺寸与补强值之间的关系以及补强延迟与补强值之间的关系。第三阶段的结果表明，受试者选择固定时间的时间表，而不是固定比率的时间表，后者在选择反应和强化之间产生相同的平均时间。
In a discrete-trial procedure, pigeons could choose between 2-s and 6-s access to grain by making a single key peck. In Phase 1, the pigeons obtained both reinforcers by responding on fixed-ratio schedules. In Phase 2, they received both reinforcers after simple delays, arranged by fixed-time schedules, during which no responses were required. In Phase 3, the 2-s reinforcer was available through a fixed-time schedule and the 6-s reinforcer was available through a fixed-ratio schedule. In all conditions, the size of the delay or ratio leading to the 6-s reinforcer was systematically increased or decreased several times each session, permitting estimation of an "indifference point", the schedule size at which a subject chose each alternative equally often. By varying the size of the schedule for the 2-s reinforcer across conditions, several such indifference points were obtained from both fixed-time conditions and fixed-ratio conditions. The resulting "indifference curves" from fixed-time conditions and from fixed-ratio conditions were similar in shape, and they suggested that a hyperbolic equation describes the relation between ratio size and reinforcement value as well as the relation between reinforcer delay and its reinforcement value. The results from Phase 3 showed that subjects chose fixed-time schedules over fixed-ratio schedules that generated the same average times between a choice response and reinforcement.