The Chernobyl accident as a source of new radiological knowledge: implications for Fukushima rehabilitation and research programmes
The Chernobyl accident as a source of new radiological knowledge: implications for Fukushima rehabilitation and research programmes
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DOI：
10.1088/0952-4746/33/1/27
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Balonov, Mikhail
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Balonov, Mikhail
1986年乌克兰切尔诺贝利核电站事故导致欧洲大片地区放射性核素大量泄漏。在以克服其对公共健康负面影响为重点的大规模活动期间，开展了放射生态学、剂量测定和放射医学方面的各种研究计划。新知识在国际上广泛应用于针对紧急情况和现有人体暴露情况的辐射防护系统的大幅更新，以改进应急准备和响应。放射生态和剂量测定模型得到了显着改进，并通过大量测量数据、环境对策指南和监测的详细阐述和测试得到了验证。新的放射学知识可用于日本福岛核事故后恢复计划的规划和实施。特别是，以下活动领域将受益于切尔诺贝利经验的应用：恢复战略、定居点净化技术以及农业和林业中应用的对策。切尔诺贝利的经验对于规划福岛放射性核素沉降物引发的研究活动非常有帮助，例如放射性核素的环境转移、特定地点对策的有效性、全国剂量评估、健康影响研究等。
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine in 1986 caused a huge release of radionuclides over large areas of Europe. During large scale activities focused on overcoming of its negative consequences for public health, various research programmes in radioecology, dosimetry and radiation medicine were conducted. New knowledge was applied internationally in substantial updating of radiation protection systems for emergency and existing situations of human exposure, for improvement of emergency preparedness and response. Radioecological and dosimetry models were significantly improved and validated with numerous measurement data, guidance on environmental countermeasures and monitoring elaborated and tested.New radiological knowledge can be of use in the planning and implementation of rehabilitation programmes in Japan following the Fukushima nuclear accident. In particular, the following activity areas would benefit from application of the Chernobyl experience: strategy of rehabilitation, and technology of settlement decontamination and of countermeasures applied in agriculture and forestry. The Chernobyl experience could be very helpful in planning research activities initiated by the Fukushima radionuclide fallout, i.e. environmental transfer of radionuclides, effectiveness of site-specific countermeasures, nationwide dose assessment, health effect studies, etc.