Native or exotic? Double or single? Evaluating plants for pollinator-friendly gardens
Native or exotic? Double or single? Evaluating plants for pollinator-friendly gardens
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DOI：
10.1006/anbo.2000.1322
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发表时间：
2001-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Vorontsova, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Corbet, SA;Bee, J;Vorontsova, M
在一系列从早到晚的研究中，我们通过监测英国本土植物物种草地鼠尾草（Salvia pratensis）、水苏（Stachys palustris）、水苏（S.在一些实施方案中，所述植物包括千屈菜（Lythrum salicaria）、柳穿鱼（Linaria vulgaris）、非本地金盏花（Calendula officinalis）、矮牵牛（Petunia x hybrida）、一串红（Salvia splendens）和可能引入的肥皂草（Saponaria officinalis）。我们还比较了百脉根，肥皂草，矮牵牛x杂交和金盏花单双变种。所有研究的英国物种都富含花蜜，并被推荐用于授粉者友好的花园。它们的最大分泌速率约为每花10-90微克糖小时（-1），大多数的平均现存量约为每花5-60微克糖。在所有研究的英国物种中，花冠足够深，可以容纳相对较长舌头的熊蜂，但千屈菜较浅的花朵也经常被短舌头的蜜蜂和食蚜蝇以及蝴蝶光顾。外来的一串红，大概是在新热带地区与蜂鸟共同进化的，有着如此深的花朵，英国蜜蜂除了爬下花冠之外无法到达花蜜。每朵花的糖分泌量接近300微克·小时（-1），几乎不受昆虫的消耗;一串红积累了大量的花蜜。S.尽管有丰富的花蜜，但金盏花和两种可能的蛾授粉物种矮牵牛和肥皂草的单瓣和重瓣花很少受到白天的访问，但金盏菊受到了食蚜蝇和蜜蜂的访问。我们比较了百脉根、矮牵牛和金盏花的单变种和双变种，以及肥皂草，最后一种可能是在英国引进的（Stace，1997年不列颠群岛新植物群。第2版剑桥：剑桥大学出版社）。在矮牵牛、肥皂草和荷花中，重瓣花分泌很少或不分泌花蜜。在金盏花中，加倍涉及盘和射线小花的比例的变化，而不是修改单个花的结构，双和单头状花序有类似的花蜜常设作物。除了金盏花，外来或重瓣花很少被昆虫游客利用。在外来种中，这可能是由于缺乏或缺乏共同进化的传粉者，再加上，在重瓣花中，没有花蜜。(C)2001年《植物学年鉴》（Annals of Botany Company）
In a series of dawn-to-dusk studies, we examined the nature and accessibility of nectar rewards for pollinating insects by monitoring insect visits and the secretion rate and standing crop of nectar in the British native plant species Salvia pratensis, Stachys palustris, S. officinalis, Lythrum salicaria, Linaria vulgaris, the non-native Calendula officinalis, Petunia x hybrida, Salvia splendens, and the possibly introduced Saponaria officinalis. We also compared single with double variants of Lotus corniculatus, Saponaria officinalis, Petunia x hybrida and Calendula officinalis. All the British species studied are nectar-rich and are recommended for pollinator-friendly gardens. They showed maximal secretion rates of about 10-90 mug sugar per flower h(-1), and most had mean standing crops of about 5-60 mug sugar per flower. In all British species studied, the corolla was deep enough for the relatively long-tongued bumblebee Bombus pascuorum, but the shallower flowers of Lythrum salicaria were also much visited by shorter-tongued bees and hoverflies, as well as by butterflies. The exotic Salvia splendens, presumably coevolved with hummingbirds in the Neotropics, has such deep flowers that British bees cannot reach the nectar except by crawling down the corolla. With a secretion rate approaching 300 mug sugar per flower h(-1) and little depletion by insects; S. splendens accumulated high standing crops of nectar. S. splendens, and single and double flowers of the two probably moth-pollinated species Petunia x hybrida and Saponaria officinalis, received few daytime visits despite abundant nectar but Calendula was well visited by hoverflies and bees. We compared single and double variants of Lotus corniculatus, Petunia x hybrida and Calendula officinalis, and also Saponaria officinalis, the last being probably introduced in Britain (Stace, 1997 New flora of the British Isles. 2nd edn. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). In Petunia, Saponaria and Lotus, double flowers secreted little or no nectar. In Calendula, where doubling involved a change in the proportion of disc and ray florets rather than modification of individual flower structure, double and single capitula had similar standing crops of nectar. Except in Calendula, exotic or double flowers were little exploited by insect visitors. In the exotics, this was probably due to the absence or scarcity of coevolved pollinators, coupled, in double flowers, with the absence of nectar. (C) 2001 Annals of Botany Company.