Early-Life Stress Triggers Juvenile Zebra Finches to Switch Social Learning Strategies.
Early-Life Stress Triggers Juvenile Zebra Finches to Switch Social Learning Strategies.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.071
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发表时间：
2015-08-17
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Boogert NJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Farine DR;Spencer KA;Boogert NJ
早期生活中的压力会导致人类和非人类的疾病和认知障碍。然而，压力和其他环境因素也可以编程发展途径。我们调查是否差异暴露于发展压力，可以驱动不同的兄弟姐妹之间的社会学习策略。在许多物种中，青少年通过模仿他人获得基本的觅食技能：他们可以模仿同伴（水平社会学习），向父母学习（垂直社会学习），或向其他成年人学习（倾斜社会学习）。然而，青少年的学习策略是否在很大程度上是条件依赖的仍然是一个谜。我们发现，生活在群体中的青少年斑胸草雀完全从成年人那里学会了新的觅食技能。通过实验操纵发展压力，我们进一步表明，社会学习的目标是表型塑料。虽然控制青少年从他们的父母那里学习觅食技能，但他们的兄弟姐妹作为雏鸟暴露在实验性升高的应激激素水平下，完全从无关的成年人那里学习。因此，早期生活条件触发个人从垂直到倾斜的社会学习策略的转变。这种转变可能是由于压力引起的发育速度、认知和身体状态的差异，或者是将压力作为环境线索。获得替代性社会学习策略可能会影响青少年对环境的适应，并最终改变他们的发展轨迹。青少年斑胸草雀学习觅食技能从他们的父母压力激素暴露触发青少年学习无关的成年人，而不是压力可能是一个提示青少年使用，以告知他们的行为策略转换社会学习策略可能会改变发展轨迹适应性Farine等。证明幼鸟从父母那里学习觅食技能。然而，早期生活暴露于实验性升高的应激激素会促使青少年改变策略，只向无关的成年人学习。这可能有助于他们弥补他们的纳塔尔环境差，并获得更多的适应性行为的性质。
Stress during early life can cause disease and cognitive impairment in humans and non-humans alike. However, stress and other environmental factors can also program developmental pathways. We investigate whether differential exposure to developmental stress can drive divergent social learning strategies between siblings. In many species, juveniles acquire essential foraging skills by copying others: they can copy peers (horizontal social learning), learn from their parents (vertical social learning), or learn from other adults (oblique social learning). However, whether juveniles’ learning strategies are condition dependent largely remains a mystery. We found that juvenile zebra finches living in flocks socially learned novel foraging skills exclusively from adults. By experimentally manipulating developmental stress, we further show that social learning targets are phenotypically plastic. While control juveniles learned foraging skills from their parents, their siblings, exposed as nestlings to experimentally elevated stress hormone levels, learned exclusively from unrelated adults. Thus, early-life conditions triggered individuals to switch strategies from vertical to oblique social learning. This switch could arise from stress-induced differences in developmental rate, cognitive and physical state, or the use of stress as an environmental cue. Acquisition of alternative social learning strategies may impact juveniles’ fit to their environment and ultimately change their developmental trajectories. Juvenile zebra finches learn foraging skills from their parents Stress hormone exposure triggers juveniles to learn from unrelated adults instead Stress may be a cue juveniles use to inform their behavioral strategies Switching social learning strategy may alter developmental trajectories adaptively Farine et al. demonstrate that young birds learn foraging skills from their parents. However, early-life exposure to experimentally elevated stress hormones prompts juveniles to switch strategies and learn only from unrelated adults. This may help them to compensate for their poor natal environment and acquire more adaptive behaviors in nature.