Genome mining for drug discovery: cyclic lipopeptides related to daptomycin.

Genome mining for drug discovery: cyclic lipopeptides related to daptomycin.
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DOI:
10.1093/jimb/kuab020
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发表时间:
2021-06-04
影响因子:
3.4
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
工程技术3区
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--
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与达托霉素结构相关的环状脂肽类抗生素在20世纪50年代首次被报道。其中几种具有共同的脂肽启动、延长和终止机制。启动需要使用脂肪酰基-AMP连接酶(FAAL),一个独立的酰基载体蛋白(ACP),和第一个NRPS延伸模块上的专门缩合(CIII)结构域,将长链脂肪酸与第一个氨基酸偶联。终止是由包含末端硫酯酶(Te)结构域(CAT-CATE)的二模体NRPS执行的。脂肽BGC还编码ABC转运体,显然是为了出口和抵抗。这种启动、延长和终止机制的使用,再加上分子靶标不可知的抗性,为强大的自然和实验组合生物合成提供了独特的基础,以产生大量结构相关的化合物,其中一些具有改变或不同的抗菌作用机制。FAAL、ACP和二模组NRPS基因被用作分子信标,通过BLASTp分析完成的基因组序列和草稿基因组序列来鉴定系统发育相关的BGC。这些和其他分子信标已经确定:(I)在草案基因组中已知但以前未测序的脂肽BGC;(Ii)在链霉菌Sedi的草案基因组中发现一个新的达托霉素家族BGC;以及(Iii)在完成的竹霉菌基因组和赵州链霉菌的草案基因组中发现新的脂肽BGC。
The cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics structurally related to daptomycin were first reported in the 1950s. Several have common lipopeptide initiation, elongation, and termination mechanisms. Initiation requires the use of a fatty acyl-AMP ligase (FAAL), a free-standing acyl carrier protein (ACP), and a specialized condensation (CIII) domain on the first NRPS elongation module to couple the long chain fatty acid to the first amino acid. Termination is carried out by a dimodular NRPS that contains a terminal thioesterase (Te) domain (CAT-CATTe). Lipopeptide BGCs also encode ABC transporters, apparently for export and resistance. The use of this mechanism of initiation, elongation, and termination, coupled with molecular target-agnostic resistance, has provided a unique basis for robust natural and experimental combinatorial biosynthesis to generate a large variety of structurally related compounds, some with altered or different antibacterial mechanisms of action. The FAAL, ACP, and dimodular NRPS genes were used as molecular beacons to identify phylogenetically related BGCs by BLASTp analysis of finished and draft genome sequences. These and other molecular beacons have identified: (i) known, but previously unsequenced lipopeptide BGCs in draft genomes; (ii) a new daptomycin family BGC in a draft genome of Streptomyces sedi; and (iii) novel lipopeptide BGCs in the finished genome of Streptomyces ambofaciens and the draft genome of Streptomyces zhaozhouensis.
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