Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator
Observation of strong coupling between one atom and a monolithic microresonator
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DOI：
10.1038/nature05147
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发表时间：
2006-10-12
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kimble, H. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aoki, Takao;Dayan, Barak;Kimble, H. J.
在过去的十年中，光和物质在单光子水平上的强相互作用使量子光学和量子信息科学取得了广泛的科学进展。这项工作主要是在腔量子电动力学（1-4）的设置与不同的物理系统（5），包括单原子的法布里-珀罗谐振器（1，6），量子点耦合到微柱和光子带隙腔（7，8）和库珀对与超导谐振器（9，10）相互作用。单原子局域化实验已经在这些进展的最前沿（11-15），在高精细法布里-珀罗配置（16）中使用光学谐振器。由于在进一步改进这些谐振器的多层介质镜涂层（17）和按比例缩放到大量器件中所涉及的极端技术挑战，对开发替代微腔系统（5）的兴趣增加。在这里，我们展示了单个铯原子和高质量环形微谐振器的场之间的强耦合。通过观察单个原子通过谐振腔的倏逝场下降的过境事件，我们确定了共振器表面附近的相互作用的相干耦合率。我们开发了一个理论模型来量化我们的观察，表明实现了强耦合，相干耦合的速率超过了原子和腔的耗散率。我们的工作为研究光刻微谐振器中单原子和光子的光学过程开辟了道路。应用包括量子网络的实现（18，19），光子的可扩展量子逻辑（20），以及原子芯片上的量子信息处理（21）。
Over the past decade, strong interactions of light and matter at the single-photon level have enabled a wide set of scientific advances in quantum optics and quantum information science. This work has been performed principally within the setting of cavity quantum electrodynamics(1-4) with diverse physical systems(5), including single atoms in Fabry-Perot resonators(1,6), quantum dots coupled to micropillars and photonic bandgap cavities(7,8) and Cooper pairs interacting with superconducting resonators(9,10). Experiments with single, localized atoms have been at the forefront of these advances(11-15) with the use of optical resonators in high-finesse Fabry-Perot configurations(16). As a result of the extreme technical challenges involved in further improving the multilayer dielectric mirror coatings(17) of these resonators and in scaling to large numbers of devices, there has been increased interest in the development of alternative microcavity systems(5). Here we show strong coupling between individual caesium atoms and the fields of a high-quality toroidal microresonator. From observations of transit events for single atoms falling through the resonator's evanescent field, we determine the coherent coupling rate for interactions near the surface of the resonator. We develop a theoretical model to quantify our observations, demonstrating that strong coupling is achieved, with the rate of coherent coupling exceeding the dissipative rates of the atom and the cavity. Our work opens the way for investigations of optical processes with single atoms and photons in lithographically fabricated microresonators. Applications include the implementation of quantum networks(18,19), scalable quantum logic with photons(20), and quantum information processing on atom chips(21).