Punishment insensitivity and parenting: Temperament and learning as interacting risks for antisocial behavior
Punishment insensitivity and parenting: Temperament and learning as interacting risks for antisocial behavior
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DOI：
10.1023/a:1023762009877
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发表时间：
2003-06-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Salmon, K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dadds, MR;Salmon, K
我们回顾了关于父母用来纠正儿童攻击性和反社会行为的常见管教行为的敏感性或反应性的个体差异的想法。在极端情况下，儿童可能被视为“对惩罚不敏感”，这是一种与反社会和攻击性行为障碍的发展模型相关的启发式方法。来自不同领域的文献，如精神病、儿童气质、社会化和道德良知的发展、条件反射理论和人格理论，都利用了这样的观点：人类对厌恶刺激和表明其发生的线索的敏感性不同，以及在惩罚线索存在的情况下抑制奖励驱动行为的能力不同。当代思想将这些性格直接视为气质的基本生物学方面，可以调节环境（例如养育）对结果（例如心理健康）的影响。我们回顾了一篇基本上被遗忘的文献，该文献清楚地表明，对惩罚的敏感性也确实受到环境本身的影响。然后尝试对互动过程进行建模，通过该过程，儿童的养育和惩罚敏感性会放大或削弱彼此朝着健康或反社会发展的进步。讨论了对惩罚策略反应低的儿童的养育意义。
We review ideas about individual differences in sensitivity or responsiveness to common disciplinary behaviors parents use to correct aggressive and antisocial behavior in children. At extremes, children may be seen as "punishment-insensitive," an heuristic with some value relevant to models of the development of antisocial and aggressive behavior disorders. Literature from diverse fields, such as psychopathy, child temperament, socialization and the development of moral conscience, conditioning theory, and personality theory, have all utilized the idea that humans differ in their sensitivity to aversive stimuli and the cues that signal their occurrence, as well as their ability to inhibit reward-driven behavior, in the presence of punishment cues. Contemporary thinking places these dispositions squarely as basic biological aspects of temperament that moderate the effects of the environment (e.g., parenting) on outcomes (e.g., mental health). We review a largely forgotten literature that shows clearly that sensitivity to punishment is also reliably influenced by the environment itself. An attempt is then made to model the interactional processes by which parenting and punishment sensitivities in children magnify or diminish each other's progress toward healthy or antisocial development. Implications for parenting of children with low responsiveness to punishment strategies are discussed.