Novel ecological and climatic conditions drive rapid adaptation in invasive Florida Burmese pythons
Novel ecological and climatic conditions drive rapid adaptation in invasive Florida Burmese pythons
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DOI：
10.1111/mec.14885
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发表时间：
2018-12-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Castoe, Todd A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Card, Daren C.;Perry, Blair W.;Castoe, Todd A.
入侵物种提供了强大的原位实验系统，用于研究在新的栖息地中对选择压力的反应。虽然研究表明，表型进化可以在自然界中迅速发生，但在短“生态”时间尺度上的全基因组适应的例子很少。在过去的30年里，缅甸蟒蛇（蟒蛇molurus bivittatus）已经成为佛罗里达成功和有影响力的入侵物种，尽管重大的冰冻事件导致蟒蛇死亡率很高。我们采样佛罗里达缅甸蟒蛇在2010年之前和之后的一个主要的冻结事件，并发现定向选择的基因组区域丰富的基因与温度感知，行为和生理学的证据。其中几个基因与再生器官生长有关，这是一种适应性反应，可以通过摄食和禁食来调节蟒蛇的器官大小和功能。独立的组织学和功能基因组数据集提供了额外的支持层，在入侵缅甸蟒蛇生理学的当代转变。在佛罗里达人群中，向保持活跃的消化系统的转变可能是由在冷冻事件期间保持较高的代谢率和体温的健身益处驱动的。我们的研究结果表明，生态和气候选择压力之间的协同作用，推动适应佛罗里达缅甸蟒蛇，展示了经常被忽视的潜力，快速适应影响入侵物种的成功。
Invasive species provide powerful in situ experimental systems for studying evolution in response to selective pressures in novel habitats. While research has shown that phenotypic evolution can occur rapidly in nature, few examples exist of genomewide adaptation on short "ecological" timescales. Burmese pythons (Python molurus bivittatus) have become a successful and impactful invasive species in Florida over the last 30 years despite major freeze events that caused high python mortality. We sampled Florida Burmese pythons before and after a major freeze event in 2010 and found evidence for directional selection in genomic regions enriched for genes associated with thermosensation, behaviour and physiology. Several of these genes are linked to regenerative organ growth, an adaptive response that modulates organ size and function with feeding and fasting in pythons. Independent histological and functional genomic data sets provide additional layers of support for a contemporary shift in invasive Burmese python physiology. In the Florida population, a shift towards maintaining an active digestive system may be driven by the fitness benefits of maintaining higher metabolic rates and body temperature during freeze events. Our results suggest that a synergistic interaction between ecological and climatic selection pressures has driven adaptation in Florida Burmese pythons, demonstrating the often-overlooked potential of rapid adaptation to influence the success of invasive species.