The comparison and application of silicone casting material for trauma analysis on well preserved archaeological skeletal remains
The comparison and application of silicone casting material for trauma analysis on well preserved archaeological skeletal remains
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jasrep.2015.10.008
复制
发表时间：
2015-12-01
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Caffell, Anwen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dittmar, Jenna M.;Errickson, David;Caffell, Anwen
工具痕迹的分析在考古学和法医学检验中都很重要，可以增强我们对墓葬背景的了解。有些工具痕迹特征很难在宏观上识别，通常需要额外的成像设备。创伤的显微镜分析已被证明是有益的，在确定工具痕迹的个人特征。然而，由于样本量的限制或样本的分析前处理，显微镜通常不用于分析考古骨骼遗骸上的创伤。制作工具痕迹的模型是一个明显的解决方案，但通常认为有损坏骨骼遗骸的风险，因此阻止了它的使用。铸造材料被许多法医科学家使用，但在文献中很少提到使用这些产品来记录考古骨骼遗骸上的工具痕迹的有效性。这项研究使用了三种常用的硅树脂铸造产品，Xantopren L蓝，Mikrosil和Alec Tiranti RTV腻子硅树脂，记录现代和考古骨骼中的工具痕迹。对45个模型进行了分析，以确定哪种产品在从骨骼遗骸中恢复工具特征方面破坏性最小，最有效。结果表明，所有受试产品都能够复制刀片创伤，并允许对受影响区域进行更详细的分析。对产品在骨骼上的应用和效果进行比较后发现，亚历克·蒂兰蒂腻子是在保存完好的考古遗迹上使用的最佳产品。虽然使用Alec Tiranti油灰制作模型比其他产品花费更长时间，但它不会损坏考古骨的皮质，而Xantopren和Mikrosil则不是这种情况。为了在人类骨骼遗骸上证明这些结果，亚历克·蒂兰蒂腻子被用来在剑桥郡彼得伯勒的铁器时代头盖骨上进行围死期改造。这些铸件是非破坏性的，并允许发现以前未识别的工具痕迹。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
The analysis of tool marks in bone is important in both archaeological and forensic examination to enhance our knowledge of the funerary context. Some tool mark characteristics arc difficult to identify macroscopically and often additional imaging equipment is needed. Microscopic analysis of trauma has proven to be beneficial in determining individual characteristics of tool marks. However, due to the sample size restrictions or pre-analysis treatment of the sample, microscopy is not commonly used to analyse trauma on archaeological skeletal remains. The creation of casts of the tool marks is an obvious solution, but often the perceived risk of damaging the skeletal remains deters its use. Casting materials arc used by many forensic scientists but there is little mention within the literature on the effectiveness of using these products to record tool marks on archaeological skeletal remains. This research used three commonly used silicone-based casting products, Xantopren L blue, Mikrosil, and Alec Tiranti RTV putty silicone, to record tool marks in modern and archaeological bones. Forty-five casts were analysed to identify which product is the least destructive and most effective in recovering tool characteristics from the skeletal remains. The results show that all of the products tested were able to replicate blade trauma and allowed the affected area to be analysed in greater detail. A comparison of the application and the effect of the products on bone revealed that Alec Tiranti putty was the best product to use on well preserved archaeological remains. Although the creation of casts using Alec Tiranti putty took longer in comparison to the other products, it did not damage the cortex of archaeological bone whereas this was not the case with Xantopren and Mikrosil. To demonstrate these results on human skeletal remains, Alec Tiranti putty was used to cast peri-mortem modification on an Iron Age cranium from Peterborough, Cambridgeshire. These casts were non-destructive and allowed for previously unidentified tool marks to be discovered. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.