Strongly correlated quantum fluids: ultracold quantum gases, quantum chromodynamic plasmas and holographic duality
Strongly correlated quantum fluids: ultracold quantum gases, quantum chromodynamic plasmas and holographic duality
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DOI：
10.1088/1367-2630/14/11/115009
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发表时间：
2012-11-19
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Thomas, John E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, Allan;Carr, Lincoln D.;Thomas, John E.
强关联量子流体是物质的相，本质上是量子力学的，并且没有弱相互作用准粒子的简单描述。最近引起人们极大兴趣的两个系统是夸克-胶子等离子体，一种在相对论重离子碰撞中产生的强烈相互作用的夸克和胶子的等离子体，以及超冷原子费米气体，一种被限制在光学或磁阱中的非常稀薄的原子气体云。这些系统在温度上相差19个数量级，但显示出非常相似的流体动力学流动。特别是，这两种流体都表现出鲁棒的低剪切粘度熵密度比，这是由全息对偶性描述的量子流体的特征，从强相关量子场论到弱弯曲高维经典引力的映射。这篇评论探讨了这些领域之间的联系，也作为新物理学杂志的焦点问题“强相关量子流体：从超冷量子气体到量子色动力学等离子体”的介绍。该演示文稿可供普通物理学读者访问，并包括所有三个领域的最新研究进展的讨论。
Strongly correlated quantum fluids are phases of matter that are intrinsically quantum mechanical and that do not have a simple description in terms of weakly interacting quasiparticles. Two systems that have recently attracted a great deal of interest are the quark-gluon plasma, a plasma of strongly interacting quarks and gluons produced in relativistic heavy ion collisions, and ultracold atomic Fermi gases, very dilute clouds of atomic gases confined in optical or magnetic traps. These systems differ by 19 orders of magnitude in temperature, but were shown to exhibit very similar hydrodynamic flows. In particular, both fluids exhibit a robustly low shear viscosity to entropy density ratio, which is characteristic of quantum fluids described by holographic duality, a mapping from strongly correlated quantum field theories to weakly curved higher dimensional classical gravity. This review explores the connection between these fields, and also serves as an introduction to the focus issue of New Journal of Physics on 'Strongly Correlated Quantum Fluids: From Ultracold Quantum Gases to Quantum Chromodynamic Plasmas'. The presentation is accessible to the general physics reader and includes discussions of the latest research developments in all three areas.