Beyond pattern recognition: five immune checkpoints for scaling the microbial threat
Beyond pattern recognition: five immune checkpoints for scaling the microbial threat
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DOI：
10.1038/nri3167
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发表时间：
2012-03-01
影响因子：
100.3
通讯作者：
Sander, Leif E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blander, J. Magarian;Sander, Leif E.
先天免疫系统的模式识别使微生物的检测成为可能，但如何评估微生物威胁的水平-这一过程对于引发可测量的抗菌反应和最小的炎症组织损伤至关重要-尚不清楚。新的证据表明，微生物活力的特征可以被免疫系统检测到，从而诱导对死亡微生物不必要的强烈反应。在这里，我们提出了五个免疫检查点，正如这里所定义的，共同决定了微生物遭遇的严重性。
Pattern recognition by the innate immune system enables the detection of microorganisms, but how the level of microbial threat is evaluated - a process that is crucial for eliciting measured antimicrobial responses with minimal inflammatory tissue damage - is less well understood. New evidence has shown that features of microbial viability can be detected by the immune system and thereby induce robust responses that are not warranted for dead microorganisms. Here, we propose five immune checkpoints that, as defined here, collectively determine the gravity of microbial encounters.