“I spy, with my little sensor”: fair data handling practices for robots between privacy, copyright and security
“I spy, with my little sensor”: fair data handling practices for robots between privacy, copyright and security
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DOI：
10.1080/09540091.2017.1318356
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发表时间：
2017-07
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Burkhard Schafer;L. Edwards
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burkhard Schafer;L. Edwards
摘要本文提出了对机器人伦理设计原则4的修正，并提出了“设计透明”的要求。它认为，虽然误导弱势用户对机器人的性质是一个严重的道德问题，但机器人设计的其他形式的故意欺骗或无意误导方面构成了挑战，一方面在其应用中更具普遍性和危害性，另一方面更难以通过设计选择一致地解决。重点将是关于机器人感官能力的透明设计。直观、低技术但高效的隐私保护行为通常取决于对监控风险的准确理解。隐藏、伪装或歪曲这些能力的设计选择可能会破坏这些战略。然而，制定“传感器透明度”的道德原则并不简单，因为开放也会导致更大的脆弱性和安全风险。我们认为，关于传感器透明度的讨论需要嵌入到更广泛的关于机器人“公平数据处理原则”的讨论中，这些原则涉及隐私问题，但也涉及版权等知识产权。
ABSTRACT The paper suggests an amendment to Principle 4 of ethical robot design, and a demand for “transparency by design”. It argues that while misleading vulnerable users as to the nature of a robot is a serious ethical issue, other forms of intentionally deceptive or unintentionally misleading aspects of robotic design pose challenges that are on the one hand more universal and harmful in their application, on the other more difficult to address consistently through design choices. The focus will be on transparent design regarding the sensory capacities of robots. Intuitive, low-tech but highly efficient privacy preserving behaviour is regularly dependent on an accurate understanding of surveillance risks. Design choices that hide, camouflage or misrepresent these capacities can undermine these strategies. However, formulating an ethical principle of “sensor transparency” is not straightforward, as openness can also lead to greater vulnerability and with that security risks. We argue that the discussion on sensor transparency needs to be embedded in a broader discussion of “fair data handling principles” for robots that involve issues of privacy, but also intellectual property rights such as copyright.