The lysosomal membrane—export of metabolites and beyond
The lysosomal membrane—export of metabolites and beyond
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DOI：
10.1111/febs.15602
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发表时间：
2020-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Rudnik;M. Damme
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Rudnik;M. Damme
溶酶体是真核细胞中的降解细胞器，介导各种大分子的水解性分解代谢为小的基本构件。这些低分子代谢物通过溶酶体膜运输，并在细胞质和其他细胞器中重复使用，用于生物合成途径。尽管在过去的20年里，我们对溶酶体膜的各种转运蛋白、其他完整和外周膜蛋白、脂质组成以及其周转率的了解都有了很大的提高，但关于溶酶体膜功能的关键方面仍然有许多悬而未决的问题。这些包括溶酶体作为细胞储存室的可能功能，尚未确定的转运体介导的各种氨基酸的输出，介导溶酶体膜蛋白从高尔基体到溶酶体膜蛋白运输的机制，以及溶酶体膜蛋白的周转。在这里，我们回顾了关于溶酶体膜的现有知识，并确定了一些未来需要解决的开放问题，以全面和完整地了解溶酶体如何与其他细胞器、细胞过程和途径进行通信。
Lysosomes are degradative organelles in eukaryotic cells mediating the hydrolytic catabolism of various macromolecules to small basic building blocks. These low‐molecular‐weight metabolites are transported across the lysosomal membrane and reused in the cytoplasm and other organelles for biosynthetic pathways. Even though in the past 20 years our understanding of the lysosomal membrane regarding various transporters, other integral and peripheral membrane proteins, the lipid composition, but also its turnover has dramatically improved, there are still many unresolved questions concerning key aspects of the function of the lysosomal membrane. These include a possible function of lysosomes as a cellular storage compartment, yet unidentified transporters mediating the export such as various amino acids, mechanisms mediating the transport of lysosomal membrane proteins from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes, and the turnover of lysosomal membrane proteins. Here, we review the current knowledge about the lysosomal membrane and identify some of the open questions that need to be solved in the future for a comprehensive and complete understanding of how lysosomes communicate with other organelles, cellular processes, and pathways.