Energy and carbon budgeting of tillage for environmentally clean and resilient soil health of rice-maize cropping system
Energy and carbon budgeting of tillage for environmentally clean and resilient soil health of rice-maize cropping system
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.04.041
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发表时间：
2019-07-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Meena, B. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lal, B.;Gautam, Priyanka;Meena, B. P.
人类对环境的干预导致更高的绿色气体排放，这正在降低土壤和环境质量。传统/常规耕作制度自建立以来一直沿用，加上焚烧残留物，加速了土壤和环境的退化，导致粮食不安全。本研究旨在评价秸秆还田保护性耕作下的能量收支、碳足迹、气体排放和土壤健康状况，以确定水稻-玉米系统的清洁生产技术。该研究的新奇在于，它考察了耕作、通过覆盖对温室气体排放沿着的残留物保留以及土壤健康、能源消耗和碳足迹的综合影响，作为可持续和清洁农业生产的保护有效措施。与传统耕作相比，免耕减少了56%的能源消耗和39%的碳足迹，N2 O排放量减少了20%。免耕不仅改善了土壤环境，还改善了土壤氮磷钾状况、活性碳库和酶活性，增加了土壤微生物的数量，其中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量分别增加了21.3%、51.2%和27.6%。秸秆覆盖显著提高了作物生产力、土壤微生物和酶活性，但增加了10%左右的能源消耗和碳足迹。秸秆覆盖也增加了N_2O的排放，且秸秆覆盖量越大，N_2O的排放量越大。虽然在最初几年记录了一些产量损失（10-15%），但从长远来看，免耕可以是迈向可持续性的一步，因为它可以是水稻-玉米系统中恢复土壤健康和玉米清洁生产的一种有价值的方法。(C)2019爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Human interventions in the environment leading to higher green house gas emissions which are degrading the soil and environment quality. Traditional/conventional tillage systems following since inception and residue burning are accelerating the degradation of soil and environment leading to food insecurity. The present study was executed to evaluate energy budgeting, carbon foot prints, gaseous emission and soil health under conservation tillage with residue retention for identifying cleaner production technology in rice-maize system. The novelty of the study is that it examines the integrated effect of tillage, residue retention through mulching on GHG emission along with soil health, energy consumption and carbon footprints together as conservation effective measure for sustainable and clean agricultural production. Zero tillage reduced the energy consumption by 56% and carbon footprints by 39% and besides that N2O emission was 20% lower than conventional tillage. Apart from clean environment, soil health was also improved by adoption of zero tillage in terms of NPK status, labile pool of carbon and enzymatic activities; the population of all the microbiota was increased, which was around 21.3, 51.2 and 27.6% higher in bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes. Crop residue retention as residue mulching (rice straw) significantly improved the crop productivity, microbial biota and enzymatic activities of soil, but it increased the energy consumption and carbon footprints by around 10%. N2O emission was also enhanced by residue mulching, and higher the quantity of residue used as mulch, more was emission. Although in initial years some yield penalty (10-15%) was recorded but in long run zero tillage can be a step towards sustainability as it can be a valuable approach for resilient soil health and cleaner production of maize in rice-maize system. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.