Gene expression profiling reveals candidate genes for defining spider silk gland types
Gene expression profiling reveals candidate genes for defining spider silk gland types
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103594
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发表时间：
2021-06-05
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Hayashi, Cheryl Y.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaw, R. Crystal;Clarke, Thomas H., III;Hayashi, Cheryl Y.
对蛛丝分泌腺的分子研究揭示了蛛丝合成的候选基因和蛛丝基因进化的复杂历史。然而，在单个球网织造蜘蛛中，多种丝腺类型的差异基因表达谱缺乏。这些腺体类型中的每一种都产生功能不同的丝类型。比较不同蛛丝腺类型之间的基因表达，将有助于我们深入了解哪些基因通常从非蛛丝腺组织中定义蛛丝腺，以及哪些基因相互之间定义蛛丝腺。在此，我们对银球织造者Argiope argentata的7种丝腺类型进行了3'标签数字基因表达谱分析。其中五种腺体产生的丝是非粘性纤维，一种丝既包括纤维又包括胶状粘合剂，还有一种丝完全是胶状的。我们鉴定了1275个高表达、显著上调的组织特异性丝腺特异性转录本（SSTs）。这些sst包括七种蜘蛛丝蛋白编码基因，称为蜘蛛蛋白基因。我们发现，产生纤维的壶腹大丝腺和壶腹小丝腺比其他任何一对腺体具有更相似的表达谱。我们还发现SSTs的一个子集富含跨膜运输和氧化还原酶，并且这些转录本突出了大壶腹腺、小壶腹腺和聚合丝腺之间的差异和相似性。此外，我们还发现湿制胶团聚体具有最独特的sst，但仍与纤维生成腺体共享一些sst。腺状腺是唯一一种与其他蛛丝腺类型共享大部分SSTs的腺体类型，这支持了之前的假设，即腺状腺的重复和随后的重复分化导致了单个蜘蛛的多种蛛丝腺类型。
Molecular studies of the secretory glands involved in spider silk production have revealed candidate genes for silk synthesis and a complicated history of spider silk gene evolution. However, differential gene expression profiles of the multiple silk gland types within an individual orb-web weaving spider are lacking. Each of these gland types produces a functionally distinct silk type. Comparison of gene expression among spider silk gland types would provide insight into the genes that define silk glands generally from non-silk gland tissues, and the genes that define silk glands from each other. Here, we perform 3' tag digital gene expression profiling of the seven silk gland types of the silver garden orb weaver Argiope argentata. Five of these gland types produce silks that are non-adhesive fibers, one silk includes both fibers and glue-like adhesives, and one silk is exclusively gluelike. We identify 1275 highly expressed, significantly upregulated, and tissue specific silk gland specific transcripts (SSTs). These SSTs include seven types of spider silk protein encoding genes known as spidroin genes. We find that the fiber-producing major ampullate and minor ampullate silk glands have more similar expression profiles than any other pair of glands. We also find that a subset of the SSTs is enriched for transmembrane transport and oxidoreductases, and that these transcripts highlight differences and similarities among the major ampullate, minor ampullate, and aggregate silk glands. Furthermore, we show that the wet glue-producing aggregate glands have the most unique SSTs, but still share some SSTs with fiber producing glands. Aciniform glands were the only gland type to share a majority of SSTs with other silk gland types, supporting previous hypotheses that duplication of aciniform glands and subsequent divergence of the duplicates gave rise to the multiple silk gland types within an individual spider.