The economics of using plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery packs for grid storage
The economics of using plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery packs for grid storage
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.09.070
复制
发表时间：
2010-04
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
S. B. Peterson;J. Whitacre;J. Apt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. B. Peterson;J. Whitacre;J. Apt
我们研究了使用车用电池存储在非高峰时间产生的电网电力，供高峰时间非车辆使用的潜在经济影响。这里不考虑频率调节等辅助服务，因为只有一小部分车辆会使该市场饱和。美国三个城市的每小时电价被用来计算每日利润值，而与电池退化相关的经济损失则是根据从A123 Systems LiFePO4/Graphite电池收集的数据计算出来的，这些电池是在联合驾驶和非车辆用电的情况下测试的。对于16kWh(57.6MJ)的车用电池组，在这三个城市，在市场信息完善且没有电池退化成本的情况下，最大年利润从∼美元140美元到250美元不等。然而，如果应用测量的电池退化，最大年利润(如果更换电池组的成本降至16千瓦时电池的5,000美元)将降至10-120美元的∼。单是这些利润似乎不太可能为车主提供足够的激励，让他们使用电池组储存电力，并在以后的车外使用。我们还估计了电网净社会福利收益，避免建设和使用可能给所有者带来的调峰发电机，发现这些收益在大小上类似于能源套利利润。
We examine the potential economic implications of using vehicle batteries to store grid electricity generated at off-peak hours for off-vehicle use during peak hours. Ancillary services such as frequency regulation are not considered here because only a small number of vehicles will saturate that market. Hourly electricity prices in three U.S. cities were used to arrive at daily profit values, while the economic losses associated with battery degradation were calculated based on data collected from A123 Systems LiFePO4/Graphite cells tested under combined driving and off-vehicle electricity utilization. For a 16kWh (57.6MJ) vehicle battery pack, the maximum annual profit with perfect market information and no battery degradation cost ranged from ∼US$140 to $250 in the three cities. If the measured battery degradation is applied, however, the maximum annual profit (if battery pack replacement costs fall to $5000 for a 16kWh battery) decreases to ∼$10–120. It appears unlikely that these profits alone will provide sufficient incentive to the vehicle owner to use the battery pack for electricity storage and later off-vehicle use. We also estimate grid net social welfare benefits from avoiding the construction and use of peaking generators that may accrue to the owner, finding that these are similar in magnitude to the energy arbitrage profit.