Ozone: an overview of its toxicity in man and animals.
Ozone: an overview of its toxicity in man and animals.
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DOI：
10.1080/15287398409530493
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Daniel B. Menzel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Daniel B. Menzel
臭氧是最具毒性和普遍存在的空气污染物之一。本文综述了臭氧对动物的毒性作用以及对动物和人类的毒性作用之间的相似性和不同之处。臭氧的毒性的分子基础进行了讨论，根据臭氧的剧烈氧化性能。尽管人类、灵长类动物和狗的肺与普通实验啮齿动物肺之间存在解剖学差异，但臭氧吸入的解剖学病变发生在传导气道和呼吸区之间的连接处的功能等同部位。上呼吸道的纤毛细胞和中央腺泡区的1型细胞受影响最大。2型细胞增殖是臭氧毒性的标志。在一些动物物种和人类中已经注意到各种各样的生化和生理变化。自由基介导或脂质过氧化物介导的毒性的大量证据是明显的，尤其是在谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶系统的诱导以及维生素C和E的保护作用方面。臭氧似乎是一种弱诱变剂，并产生染色体异常。动物对空气传播感染的防御缺陷存在于动物中，这些动物在臭氧暴露后更容易受到空气传播感染。然而，流行病学研究未能发现臭氧导致人类呼吸道感染增加。尽管毒性作用多种多样，但物种之间几乎没有明显的质的差异;相反，数量上的差异确实存在。因此，臭氧可能是一种理想的化合物，用于定量推断从动物到人类的毒性。
Ozone is one of the most toxic and ubiquitous air pollutants. This review focuses on the toxic effects of ozone in animals and on the similarities and disimilarities between the toxic effects in animals and humans. The molecular basis for the toxicity of ozone is discussed, based on the vigorous oxidizing properties of ozone. Despite the existence of anatomical differences between human, subhuman primate, and dog lungs versus common experimental rodent lungs, the anatomical lesion of ozone inhalation occurs at the functionally equivalent site of the junction between the conducting airway and the respiratory region. Ciliated cells of the upper airways and the type 1 cell of the centriacinar region are most affected. Type 2 cell proliferation is a hallmark of ozone toxicity. A wide variety of biochemical and physiological changes have been noted in several animal species and in humans. Considerable evidence for a free-radical-mediated or lipid peroxide-mediated toxicity is evident, especially in the induction of the glutathione peroxidase system and the protective effects of vitamins C and E. Ozone appears to be a weak mutagen and to produce chromosomal abnormalities. Defects in defense against airborne infection are present in animals, which are more susceptible to airborne infection after ozone exposure. Epidemiological studies, however, fail to detect increased respiratory infections in humans due to ozone. Despite the variety of toxic effects, few qualitative differences between species are apparent; rather, quantitative differences do occur. Ozone may thus be an ideal compound for quantitative extrapolation of toxicity from animals to humans.