Palaeoecological and genetic analyses of Late Pleistocene bears in Asiatic Russia
Palaeoecological and genetic analyses of Late Pleistocene bears in Asiatic Russia
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DOI：
10.1111/bor.12570
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发表时间：
2021-12-05
期刊：
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Lindqvist, Charlotte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kosintsev, Pavel A.;Bocherens, Herve;Lindqvist, Charlotte
棕熊是为数不多的在更新世最后一波灭绝中幸存下来的大型食肉动物之一，也许部分原因是它们广泛的生态可塑性，多样的形式和多食性。虽然棕熊已成为一个研究系统，许多问题仍然存在的生态，营养和遗传多样性在整个分布。例如，关于来自晚更新世北极苔原草原的亚洲俄罗斯棕熊的知识很少，现代没有类似的生态系统。在这里，我们比较了饮食，形态和遗传亲和力的晚更新世熊广泛采样的亚化石仍然来自亚洲俄罗斯。采集地点包括乌拉尔山脉、额尔齐斯河下游、鄂毕河上游、西伯利亚西部的阿尔泰山脉、印地基尔卡-科雷马低地和楚科奇西北部。一个非常大的熊标本从中部Indigirka（41 090 C-14 BP），生活在景观的无树灌木和潮湿的草地有一个饮食主要由大型草食性哺乳动物。一只来自楚科奇西部（公元前25 880年-公元前14年）的熊，体型小得多，饮食接近现代棕熊。这两个晚更新世东北俄罗斯棕熊可能包括以前未被发现，但灭绝，遗传谱系。更新世末（MIS 3和MIS 2），鄂毕河流域和乌拉尔的棕熊生活在冰缘森林草原中，乌拉尔南部的棕熊生活在冰缘草原环境中。来自鄂毕河流域和乌拉尔的棕熊，以及古老的阿尔泰熊，其特点是饮食多样，从杂食到素食。在活体棕熊中，不同膳食食物的比例主要与食物供应有关，这取决于地理区域和气候条件。我们的结论是，同样的情况下，晚更新世棕熊东北西伯利亚。
Brown bears are one of the few large carnivore species that survived the final Pleistocene wave of extinctions, perhaps in part owing to their wide ecological plasticity, variety of forms and polyphagia. Although the brown bear has become a well-studied system, many questions remain regarding the ecological, trophic and genetic diversity throughout their distribution. For example, knowledge about Asiatic Russian brown bears from the Late Pleistocene arctic tundra steppe, an ecosystem with no analogue in modern times, is sparse. Here we compared diets, morphometry and genetic affinities of Late Pleistocene bears based on broadly sampled subfossil remains from Asiatic Russia. Collecting sites included the Ural Mountains, the lower reaches of the Irtysh River, the upper reaches of the Ob River, the Altai Mountains of western Siberia, the Indigirka-Kolyma Lowlands and northwestern Chukotka. An extremely large bear specimen from the middle Indigirka (41 090 C-14 a BP) that lived in landscapes of treeless shrubs and wet meadows had a diet composed principally of large herbivorous mammals. A bear from western Chukotka (25 880 C-14 a BP), much smaller in size, had a diet close to that of modern brown bears. These two Late Pleistocene NE Russian brown bears may comprise a previously undiscovered, but extinct, genetic lineage. At the end of the Pleistocene (MIS 3 and MIS 2), the brown bears from the Ob River Valley and Urals lived in periglacial forest-steppes and those from the southern Urals in conditions of periglacial steppe. Brown bears from the Ob River valley and Urals, as well as ancient Altai bears, were characterized by a varied diet, from polyphagia to vegetarianism. In living brown bears, the proportions of different dietary foods are primarily related to food availability, which depends on the geographical zone and climatic conditions. We conclude that the same was true for Late Pleistocene brown bears of NE Siberia.