Pulmonary responses to welding fumes: Role of metal constituents
Pulmonary responses to welding fumes: Role of metal constituents
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DOI：
10.1080/15287390490266909
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发表时间：
2004-02-13
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Roberts, JR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Antonini, JM;Taylor, MD;Roberts, JR
据估计，全世界有超过100万工人从事某种类型的焊接工作。流行病学研究表明，大量焊工患有某种类型的呼吸系统疾病。在全职焊工中看到的呼吸系统影响包括支气管炎、铁沉着症、哮喘和肺癌发病率的可能增加。在焊工中，肺部感染的严重程度、持续时间和频率都有所增加。由于所使用的材料和所采用的方法不同，焊接烟雾的吸入暴露可能会有所不同。焊接烟雾的化学性质可能相当复杂。大多数焊接材料是金属的合金混合物，以不同的钢为特征，可能含有铁、锰、铬和镍。动物研究表明，不同金属成分的存在和组合是与焊接烟雾相关的潜在肺毒性反应的重要决定因素。动物模型已经证明，不锈钢（SS）的焊接烟雾（含有大量的镍和铬）会引起更多的肺损伤和炎症，并且比低碳钢（MS）的焊接烟雾（主要含有铁）保留更长时间。此外，使用焊剂保护焊缝的焊接过程中产生的SS烟雾含有较高水平的可溶性金属，可能影响呼吸系统健康。最近的动物研究表明，含有水溶性金属的SS焊接烟雾引起的肺损伤和炎症取决于烟雾的可溶性和不溶性部分。本文综述了金属在与工人和实验动物接触焊接烟雾相关的肺部效应中所起的作用。
It is estimated that more than 1 million workers worldwide perform some type of welding as part of their work duties. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, siderosis, asthma, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Inhalation exposure to welding fumes may vary due to differences in the materials used and methods employed. The chemical properties of welding fumes can be quite complex. Most welding materials are alloy mixtures of metals characterized by different steels that may contain iron, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Animal studies have indicated that the presence and combination of different metal constituents is an important determinant in the potential pneumotoxic responses associated with welding fumes. Animal models have demonstrated that stainless steel (SS) welding fumes, which contain significant levels of nickel and chromium, induce more lung injury and inflammation, and are retained in the longs longer than mild steel (MS) welding fumes, which contain mostly iron. In addition, SS fumes generated from welding processes using fluxes to protect the resulting weld contain elevated levels of soluble metals, which may affect respiratory health. Recent animal studies have indicated that the lung injury and inflammation induced by SS welding fumes that contain water-soluble metals are dependent on both the soluble and insoluble fractions of the fume. This article reviews the role that metals play in the pulmonary effects associated with welding fume exposure in workers and laboratory animals.