Comparative study of some properties of bacteriophage T4D irradiated with monochromatic ultraviolet light.
Comparative study of some properties of bacteriophage T4D irradiated with monochromatic ultraviolet light.
复制标题
单色紫外光照射下T4D噬菌体某些特性的比较研究
DOI：
10.1016/0042-6822(62)90026-0
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发表时间：
1962
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
E. Kellenberger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
U. Winkler;H. Johns;E. Kellenberger
不同波长单色紫外光（主要为265和235 μ m）对噬菌体T4的影响表明：(1)265 μ m的紫外光主要作用于DNA；(2) 235 μ m的光对蛋白质的作用非常强，以至于它对DNA的作用常常被掩盖。用电子显微镜研究了235 μ m光产生的蛋白质损伤及其生物学后果。主要影响是：(1)头部膜破裂导致DNA释放（=鬼影）和(2)尾部病变伴随尾鞘收缩。头部受损的噬菌体的吸附能力虽然发生了深刻的形态变化，但并没有被破坏。根据对核分解和杀菌能力的观察，我们得出结论，注射是不可能的，因为尾部不再能够穿透细胞。似乎噬菌体可以通过两种独立的机制杀死，一种与注射物质的作用有关，可能是DNA，另一种与尾巴的功能有关，可能是一种酶的作用，负责噬菌体幽灵的杀伤能力。提出了一种将吸附、渗透和注射与噬菌体尾部结构联系起来的模型。
The effects of different wavelengths (mainly 265 and 235 mμ) of monochromatic UV light on phage T4 have shown that (1) light of 265 mμ acts mainly on DNA; (2) light of 235 mμ acts so strongly on the proteins, that its effect on the DNA is often masked. The protein lesions produced by 235 mμ light have been investigated by electron microscopy and by their biological consequences. The main effects are (1) a rupture of the head membrane causing DNA release (= ghosting) and (2) tail lesions accompanied by tail sheath contraction. The adsorption ability of the phages with damaged heads is not destroyed despite profound morphological changes. From observations on nuclear breakdown and bacteria-killing ability we conclude that injection is made impossible because the tail is no longer able to penetrate into the cell. It appears that phage can kill by two independent mechanisms, one related to the action of an injected substance, probably DNA, the other related to the function of the tail, probably an enzymatic action responsible for the killing ability of phage ghosts. A model is presented which relates adsorption, tail penetration, and injection to the structures of the phage tail.