Web-Based Versus Traditional Paper Questionnaires: A Mixed-Mode Survey With a Nordic Perspective
Web-Based Versus Traditional Paper Questionnaires: A Mixed-Mode Survey With a Nordic Perspective
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DOI：
10.2196/jmir.2595
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发表时间：
2013-08-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Obel, Carsten
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hohwu, Lena;Lyshol, Heidi;Obel, Carsten
背景：过去十年来，调查答复率一直在下降。互联网和基于网络的技术在潜在的健康调查参与者中的更广泛使用表明，基于网络的问卷可能是未来流行病学研究中纸质问卷的替代品。目的：通过使用4种不同的问卷调查数据收集模式（其中1种涉及非货币激励）来比较父母人群的应答率。随机抽取了3148名2-17岁丹麦儿童的父母，邀请他们参加NordChild 2011年儿童健康和福利调查的丹麦部分。NordChild在1984年和1996年与芬兰、冰岛、挪威和瑞典合作进行，只使用邮寄的纸质问卷。2011年，除丹麦外，所有国家均仅使用传统纸质版本，丹麦的父母被随机分为4组：（1）789人仅收到纸质问卷（纸质），（2）786人收到纸质问卷和网络问卷的登录代码（3）787人收到了基于网络的问卷的登录代码（Web），以及（4）786人收到了基于网络的问卷的登录详细信息，并获得了由赢得平板电脑的机会组成的激励（Web/tablet）。与第一次提醒有关，纸张，纸张/网络和网络组中的无应答者也有机会赢得平板电脑作为激励手段。采用卡方检验进行描述性分析。比值比被用来估计4 models.Results之间的响应率的差异：在2011年，1704 3148（54.13%）的受访者回答了丹麦问卷。回答率最高的是纸张模式（n=443，56.2%）。其他组的应答率相似：纸张/Web（n=422，53.7%）、Web（n=420，53.4%）和Web/平板电脑（n=419，53.3%）模式。与纸质模式相比，纸质/Web模式的应答率比值降低了9%（OR 0.91，95% CI 0.74-1.10），Web和Web/平板电脑模式的应答率比值降低了11%（OR 0.89，95% CI 0.73-1.09）。NordChild的响应者总数从15，339人中的10，291人下降（67.09%），15，254人中有10，667人（69.93%），15 945人中有7 805人（48.95%），所有5个北欧国家的下降幅度相似。网上调查表可以取代传统的纸质调查表，对答复率的影响很小，而且成本较低。在第一次提醒之前，只能在2种基于网络的问卷模式中估计对参与者回答非货币激励的答复率的增加影响。提高人口调查参与率的替代平台应反映电子设备的发展和人口主要上网方式。
Background: Survey response rates have been declining over the past decade. The more widespread use of the Internet and Web-based technologies among potential health survey participants suggests that Web-based questionnaires may be an alternative to paper questionnaires in future epidemiological studies.Objective: To compare response rates in a population of parents by using 4 different modes of data collection for a questionnaire survey of which 1 involved a nonmonetary incentive.Methods: A random sample of 3148 parents of Danish children aged 2-17 years were invited to participate in the Danish part of the NordChild 2011 survey on their children's health and welfare. NordChild was conducted in 1984 and 1996 in collaboration with Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden using mailed paper questionnaires only. In 2011, all countries used conventional paper versions only except Denmark where the parents were randomized into 4 groups: (1) 789 received a paper questionnaire only (paper), (2) 786 received the paper questionnaire and a log-in code to the Web-based questionnaire (paper/Web), (3) 787 received a log-in code to the Web-based questionnaire (Web), and (4) 786 received log-in details to the Web-based questionnaire and were given an incentive consisting of a chance to win a tablet computer (Web/tablet). In connection with the first reminder, the nonresponders in the paper, paper/Web, and Web groups were also present with the opportunity to win a tablet computer as a means of motivation. Descriptive analysis was performed using chi-square tests. Odds ratios were used to estimate differences in response rates between the 4 modes.Results: In 2011, 1704 of 3148 (54.13%) respondents answered the Danish questionnaire. The highest response rate was with the paper mode (n=443, 56.2%). The other groups had similar response rates: paper/Web (n=422, 53.7%), Web (n=420, 53.4%), and Web/tablet (n=419, 53.3%) modes. Compared to the paper mode, the odds for response rate in the paper/Web decreased by 9% (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.74-1.10) and by 11% (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.73-1.09) in the Web and Web/tablet modes. The total number of responders for NordChild declined from 10,291 of 15,339 (67.09%) in 1984 and 10,667 of 15,254 (69.93%) in 1996 to 7805 of 15,945 (48.95%) in 2011 with similar declines in all 5 Nordic countries.Conclusions: Web-based questionnaires could replace traditional paper questionnaires with minor effects on response rates and lower costs. The increasing effect on the response rate on participants replying for a nonmonetary incentive could only be estimated within the 2 Web-based questionnaire modes before the first reminder. Alternative platforms to reach higher participation rates in population surveys should reflect the development of electronic devices and the ways in which the population primarily accesses the Internet.