PM2.5 Concentration and Composition in Subway Systems in the Northeastern United States.
PM2.5 Concentration and Composition in Subway Systems in the Northeastern United States.
复制标题
美国东北部地铁系统中的PM2.5浓度和组成。
DOI：
10.1289/ehp7202
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Vilcassim MJR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Luglio DG;Katsigeorgis M;Hess J;Kim R;Adragna J;Raja A;Gordon C;Fine J;Thurston G;Gordon T;Vilcassim MJR
这项研究的目的是评估美国东北部地铁系统的空气质量，并估计交通工作者和通勤者的健康风险。我们报告了在宾夕法尼亚州费城地铁收集的区域样本的实时和重量浓度和颗粒组成；马萨诸塞州波士顿;纽约市，纽约/新泽西（NYC/NJ）；以及华盛顿哥伦比亚特区。在早晚高峰时段，共有12条交通线路的71个车站受到监测。我们观察到，在各个城市的早高峰时段（从0600小时到1000小时）和晚高峰时段（从1500小时到1900小时），列车上和平台上的测量值变化很大，浓度很高。地铁站的平均实时浓度为，，，，，PATH-NYC/NJ；MTA-NYC;华盛顿特区;波士顿;和费城的交通系统。PATH-NYC/NJ地铁站外地面上实时环境平均浓度；MTA-NYC;华盛顿特区;波士顿;和费城分别是，，，，和。由PATH-NYC/NJ系统服务的车站具有最高的地铁系统平均重力浓度，包括在一个PATH-NYC/NJ地铁站高峰时段的两个1小时重力值。铁和总碳在系统和站的目标子集中约占质量的80%。我们的研究结果表明，在高峰时段，美国东北部主要城市中心的地铁系统的浓度有所上升。根据美国联邦环境和职业指南，一些地铁站的浓度表明，根据暴露时间的长短，运输工人和通勤者的风险可能会增加。这种担忧在PATH-NYC/NJ运输系统中遇到的浓度最高。迫切需要进一步的研究，以确定个别车站和线路高水平的来源和因素，并评估其对工人和/或通勤者的潜在健康影响。https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7202
The goals of this study were to assess the air quality in subway systems in the northeastern United States and estimate the health risks for transit workers and commuters. We report real-time and gravimetric concentrations and particle composition from area samples collected in the subways of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Boston, Massachusetts; New York City, New York/New Jersey (NYC/NJ); and Washington, District of Columbia. A total of 71 stations across 12 transit lines were monitored during morning and evening rush hours. We observed variable and high concentrations for on-train and on-platform measurements during morning (from 0600 hours to 1000 hours) and evening (from 1500 hours to 1900 hours) rush hour across cities. Mean real-time concentrations in underground stations were , , , , and for the PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia transit systems, respectively. In contrast, the mean real-time ambient concentration taken above ground outside the subway stations of PATH-NYC/NJ; MTA-NYC; Washington, DC; Boston; and Philadelphia were , , , , and , respectively. Stations serviced by the PATH-NYC/NJ system had the highest mean gravimetric concentration, , ever reported for a subway system, including two 1-h gravimetric values of approximately during rush hour at one PATH-NYC/NJ subway station. Iron and total carbon accounted for approximately 80% of the mass in a targeted subset of systems and stations. Our results document that there is an elevation in the concentrations across subway systems in the major urban centers of Northeastern United States during rush hours. Concentrations in some subway stations suggest that transit workers and commuters may be at increased risk according to U.S. federal environmental and occupational guidelines, depending on duration of exposure. This concern is highest for the concentrations encountered in the PATH-NYC/NJ transit system. Further research is urgently needed to identify the sources of and factors that contribute to high levels in individual stations and lines and to assess their potential health impacts on workers and/or commuters. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP7202