Delay or probability discounting in a model of impulsive behavior: Effect of alcohol
Delay or probability discounting in a model of impulsive behavior: Effect of alcohol
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DOI：
10.1901/jeab.1999.71-121
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发表时间：
1999-03-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
de Wit, H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Richards, JB;Zhang, L;de Wit, H
人们对滥用药物对冲动和自我控制的急性影响知之甚少。在这项研究中，人们使用一项测量延迟和概率折扣的计算机任务来评估人类的冲动性。贴现描述了奖励（或惩罚者）的价值在其发生被延迟或不确定时会减少多少。24名健康成年志愿者在完成折扣任务之前摄入中等剂量的乙醇（< 0.5或0.8 g/kg乙醇;每个剂量n = 12）或安慰剂。在这项任务中，参与者被给予一系列选择，一小笔，立即，一定数量的钱和10美元，要么延迟（0，2，30，180或365天）或概率（即，接收的确定性为1.0、.9、.75、.5或.25）。使用调整金额程序确定了每个人在较小的立即或确定奖励和10美元的延迟或概率奖励之间无差异的点。结果表明，（a）延迟和概率折扣是很好地描述了一个双曲线函数;（B）延迟和概率折扣是正相关的科目内;（c）延迟和概率折扣与冲动的个性措施中度相关;（d）酒精对折扣没有影响。
Little is known about the acute effects of drugs of abuse on impulsivity and self-control. In this study impulsivity was assessed in humans using a computer task that measured delay and probability discounting. Discounting describes how much the value of a reward (or punisher) is decreased when its occurrence is either delayed or uncertain. Twenty-four healthy adult volunteers ingested a moderate dose of ethanol < 0.5 or 0.8 g/kg ethanol; n = 12 at each dose) or placebo before completing the discounting task. In the task the participants were given a series of choices between a small, immediate, certain amount of money and $10 that was either delayed (0, 2, 30, 180, or 365 days) or probabilistic (i.e., certainty of receipt was 1.0, .9, .75, .5, or .25). The point at which each individual was indifferent between the smaller immediate or certain reward and the $10 delayed or probabilistic reward was identified using an adjusting-amount procedure. The results indicated that (a) delay and probability discounting were well described by a hyperbolic function; (b) delay and probability discounting were positively correlated within subjects; (c) delay and probability discounting were moderately correlated with personality measures of impulsivity; and (d) alcohol had no effect on discounting.