Detection of Pathogens and Regulation of Immunity by the Caenorhabditis elegans Nervous System.
Detection of Pathogens and Regulation of Immunity by the Caenorhabditis elegans Nervous System.
复制标题
作者：
Liu Y;Sun J
尽管秀丽隐杆线虫作为宿主-病原体相互作用的模型宿主已有20多年的历史，但其识别病原体的机制尚不清楚。这主要是由于它缺乏大多数已知的模式识别受体（PRRs）来识别病原体来源的分子。尽管秀丽隐杆线虫作为宿主-病原体相互作用的模型宿主已有20多年的历史，但其识别病原体的机制尚不清楚。这主要是由于它缺乏大多数已知的模式识别受体（PRRs）来识别病原体来源的分子。最近对秀丽隐杆线虫的行为学研究表明，其神经系统在微生物感知中起着重要作用。随着神经生物学在免疫学研究中的日益融合，未来的研究可能会发现，神经元对病原体的检测是秀丽隐杆线虫与病原体相互作用的一个组成部分。与哺乳动物相似，秀丽隐杆线虫的神经系统调节其免疫系统以维持免疫稳态。对线虫的研究揭示了涉及免疫神经调节的分子、细胞和信号通路的前所未有的细节。值得注意的是，一些研究表明，一些神经免疫调节回路不需要被病原体感染“激活”，因为它们具有张力活性，并且可能存在一个预先确定的内部免疫设定点，神经系统围绕该设定点对内部或外部环境变化调整免疫反应。本文就秀丽隐杆线虫神经系统在病原体检测和免疫调节中的作用的最新进展进行综述。由于其有利的特征，我们预计秀丽隐杆线虫模型将对破译复杂的神经免疫信号机制至关重要，这些信号机制整合和处理多种感觉线索。
Although Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model host for studying host-pathogen interactions for more than 20 years, the mechanisms by which it identifies pathogens are not well understood. This is largely due to its lack of most known pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-derived molecules. Although Caenorhabditis elegans has been used as a model host for studying host-pathogen interactions for more than 20 years, the mechanisms by which it identifies pathogens are not well understood. This is largely due to its lack of most known pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-derived molecules. Recent behavioral research in C. elegans indicates that its nervous system plays a major role in microbe sensing. With the increasing integration of neurobiology in immunological research, future studies may find that neuronal detection of pathogens is an integral part of C. elegans-pathogen interactions. Similar to that of mammals, the C. elegans nervous system regulates its immune system to maintain immunological homeostasis. Studies in the nematode have revealed unprecedented details regarding the molecules, cells, and signaling pathways involved in neural regulation of immunity. Notably, some of the studies indicate that some neuroimmune regulatory circuits need not be “activated” by pathogen infection because they are tonically active and that there could be a predetermined set point for internal immunity, around which the nervous system adjusts immune responses to internal or external environmental changes. Here, we review recent progress on the roles of the C. elegans nervous system in pathogen detection and immune regulation. Because of its advantageous characteristics, we expect that the C. elegans model will be critical for deciphering complex neuroimmune signaling mechanisms that integrate and process multiple sensory cues.