Symbiotic soil fungi enhance ecosystem resilience to climate change.
Symbiotic soil fungi enhance ecosystem resilience to climate change.
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13785
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发表时间：
2017-12
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
van der Heijden MGA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martínez-García LB;De Deyn GB;Pugnaire FI;Kothamasi D;van der Heijden MGA
大量的养分通过淋滤从土壤中流失。这些损失可能对环境造成破坏，造成地下水富营养化，并造成农业生产损失方面的经济负担。气候变化引起的更多强降水事件可能会加剧这一问题。到目前为止，土壤生物群在多大程度上能使生态系统对气候变化更有弹性，并在降雨强度增加时减少养分淋失还没有解决。在这项研究中，我们重点研究了丛枝菌根真菌（AM），这是一种与大多数陆地植物形成共生关系并增加植物养分吸收的常见土壤真菌。我们假设AM真菌减轻了强降水事件（更高的降水量和降雨事件频率）后的营养损失。为了验证这一点，我们在两种降雨情景下控制AM真菌在模型草地群落中的存在：中等和高降雨强度。随着降雨强度的增加，淋失的养分总量显著增加。AM真菌的存在使降雨情景下的磷损失减少50%，高降雨情景下的氮损失减少40%。因此，AM真菌的存在增强了土壤的养分截留能力，AM真菌降低了降雨强度增加时土壤养分淋失的风险。这些发现在降雨强度高的地区（例如热带地区）和由于气候变化而将经历降雨增加的生态系统尤其相关。总体而言，本研究表明，AM真菌等土壤生物群可以增强生态系统的恢复力，减少降水增加对养分损失的负面影响。
Substantial amounts of nutrients are lost from soils through leaching. These losses can be environmentally damaging, causing groundwater eutrophication and also comprise an economic burden in terms of lost agricultural production. More intense precipitation events caused by climate change will likely aggravate this problem. So far it is unresolved to which extent soil biota can make ecosystems more resilient to climate change and reduce nutrient leaching losses when rainfall intensity increases. In this study, we focused on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, common soil fungi that form symbiotic associations with most land plants and which increase plant nutrient uptake. We hypothesized that AM fungi mitigate nutrient losses following intensive precipitation events (higher amount of precipitation and rain events frequency). To test this, we manipulated the presence of AM fungi in model grassland communities subjected to two rainfall scenarios: moderate and high rainfall intensity. The total amount of nutrients lost through leaching increased substantially with higher rainfall intensity. The presence of AM fungi reduced phosphorus losses by 50% under both rainfall scenarios and nitrogen losses by 40% under high rainfall intensity. Thus, the presence of AM fungi enhanced the nutrient interception ability of soils, and AM fungi reduced the nutrient leaching risk when rainfall intensity increases. These findings are especially relevant in areas with high rainfall intensity (e.g., such as the tropics) and for ecosystems that will experience increased rainfall due to climate change. Overall, this work demonstrates that soil biota such as AM fungi can enhance ecosystem resilience and reduce the negative impact of increased precipitation on nutrient losses.
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影响因子：
5.5
作者：
De Deyn, Gerlinde B.;Quirk, Helen;Bardgett, Richard D.
通讯作者：
Bardgett, Richard D.
影响因子：
9.7
作者：
Lazcano, Cristina;Barrios-Masias, Felipe H.;Jackson, Louise E.
通讯作者：
Jackson, Louise E.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Austin, AT;Vitousek, PM
通讯作者：
Vitousek, PM
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Cavagnaro, T. R.;Barrios-Masias, F. H.;Jackson, L. E.
通讯作者：
Jackson, L. E.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Knacker, T;van Gestel, CAM;Edwards, CA
通讯作者：
Edwards, CA